Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38546022›Full record

ArticleNeurology2024

Radon Exposure and Incident Stroke Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Sophie F Buchheit, Jason M Collins, Kurtis M Anthony, Shelly-Ann M Love, James D Stewart, Rahul Gondalia, David Y Huang, JoAnn E Manson, Alexander P Reiner, Gary G Schwartz and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biological effects of high-LET irradiation on the circulatory system.International journal of radiation biology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Assessing historical residential radon exposure using a glass-based surface trap method in low radon level areas: a pilot study.Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. High-resolution national radon maps based on massive indoor measurements in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sophie F BuchheitFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-7029-2203
Jason M CollinsFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-2903-797X
Kurtis M AnthonyFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-8972-1266
Shelly-Ann M LoveFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-7643-9798
James D StewartFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-2776-6570
Rahul GondaliaFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-5976-4863
David Y HuangFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-0658-8752
JoAnn E MansonFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-9426-7595
Alexander P ReinerFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-1427-4470
Gary G SchwartzFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-4789-4297
Mara Z VitolinsFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-0348-0113
R Randall SchumannFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-8158-6960
Richard L SmithFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-3454-3199
Eric A WhitselFrom the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0003-4843-3641
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE - CLINICAL COORDINATING CENTER: TASK AREA B - LONG LIFE STUDY VISIT 2 LIMITED HOME VISIT75N92021D00001 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI ANDERSON, GARNET L. · 2021 to 2025
$52.0M
Cardiovascular Epidemiology Training GrantT32HL007055 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Wayne D. Rosamond · 1986 to 2026
$10.0M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC): TASK AREA A AND A275N92021D00002 · NHLBI · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI WACTAWSKI-WENDE, JEAN · 2021 to 2025
$6.9M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00004 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEFANICK, MARCIA · 2021 to 2025
$6.5M
Clonal hematopoiesis in the Womens Health Initiative Memory StudyR01HL148565 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI ALEXANDER P REINER, Eric A. Whitsel · 2019 to 2026
$5.9M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00003 · NHLBI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI JACKSON, REBECCA · 2021 to 2025
$5.0M
WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE (WHI) REGIONAL CENTER (RC) - TO EXERCISE OPTION PERIOD ONE (1) AND REVISE CONTRACT ARTICLES.75N92021D00005 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI VITOLINS, MARA · 2021 to 2025
$4.2M
The Epidemiology and Somatic Genomic Pathogenesis of Radon-Related StrokeR01ES034050 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Eric A. Whitsel · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00001NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92021D00002NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148565NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007055NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034050WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00003WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00004WHI NIH HHS 75N92021D00005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesLittle is known about the role of radon in the epidemiology of stroke among women. We therefore examined the association between home radon exposure and risk of stroke among middle-aged and older women in the United States.

methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at baseline (1993-1998) in the Women's Health Initiative. We measured exposures as 2-day, indoor, lowest living-level average radon concentrations in picocuries per liter (pCi/L) as estimated in 1993 by the US Geological Survey and reviewed by the Association of American State Geologists under the Indoor Radon Abatement Act. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate risk of incident, neurologist-adjudicated stroke during follow-up through 2020 as a hazard ratio and 95% CI, adjusting for study design and participant demographic, social, behavioral, and clinical characteristics.

resultsAmong 158,910 women without stroke at baseline (mean age 63.2 years; 83% white), 6,979 incident strokes were identified over follow-up (mean 13.4 years). Incidence rates were 333, 343, and 349 strokes per 100,000 woman-years at radon concentrations of <2, 2-4, and >4 pCi/L, respectively. Compared with women living at concentrations <2 pCi/L, those at 2-4 and >4 pCi/L had higher covariate-adjusted risks of incident stroke: hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.06 (0.99-1.13) and 1.14 (1.05-1.22). Using nonlinear spline functions to model radon, stroke risk was significantly elevated at concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 pCi/L ( DISCUSSION: Radon exposure is associated with moderately increased stroke risk among middle-aged and older women in the United States, suggesting that promulgation of a lower Radon Action Level may help reduce the domestic impact of cerebrovascular disease on public health.

Indexed as

Hemorrhagic StrokeRadonStrokeAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesWomen's HealthRadon

Identifiers

PMID38546022
PMCPMC11770674
OpenAlexW4391418445

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