ArticleViruses2024
The Effect of Global Spread, Epidemiology, and Control Strategies on the Evolution of the GI-19 Lineage of Infectious Bronchitis Virus.
Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recombinant GI-19 infectious bronchitis virus induction of humoral immunosuppression with reduced HI antibody response following Newcastle disease virus vaccination and bursal cell apoptosis.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Global transmission pathways and adaptive molecular evolution of avian infectious bronchitis GI-23 (Variant 2).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synergistic Pathogenic Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Integrating heterogeneous data to address endemic diseases in broiler production: insights from a Polish case study.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Vaccination-driven evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in Korea: implication for the control of other coronavirus infections.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Emergence of novel QX-type IBV in China: molecular insights into unique S protein cleavage sites, antigenic drift, and enhanced pathogenicity (2025).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular surveillance of GI-19 lineage infectious bronchitis virus in China: divergent evolution and efficacy assessment of QXL87 vaccine against heterologous clades.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of IBV lineages: diverse paths and determinants, one goal for control.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Antigenic Distance Among Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Strains.Viruses · 2025Article
- Phylodynamic reconstruction of major chicken infectious anemia virus clades epidemiology, dispersal, and evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Reconstruction of Avian Reovirus History and Dispersal Patterns: A Phylodynamic Study.Viruses · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The GI-19 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has emerged as one of the most impactful, particularly in the "Old World". Originating in China several decades ago, it has consistently spread and evolved, often forming independent clades in various areas and countries, each with distinct production systems and control strategies. This study leverages this scenario to explore how different environments may influence virus evolution. Through the analysis of the complete S1 sequence, four datasets were identified, comprising strains of monophyletic clades circulating in different continents or countries (e.g., Asia vs. Europe and China vs. Thailand), indicative of single introduction events and independent evolution. The population dynamics and evolutionary rate variation over time, as well as the presence and intensity of selective pressures, were estimated and compared across these datasets. Since the lineage origin (approximately in the mid-20th century), a more persistent and stable viral population was estimated in Asia and China, while in Europe and Thailand, a sharp increase following the introduction (i.e., 2005 and 2007, respectively) of GI-19 was observed, succeeded by a rapid decline. Although a greater number of sites on the S1 subunit were under diversifying selection in the Asian and Chinese datasets, more focused and stronger pressures were evident in both the European (positions 2, 52, 54, 222, and 379 and Thai (i.e., positions 10, 12, 32, 56, 62, 64, 65, 78, 95, 96, 119, 128, 140, 182, 292, 304, 320, and 323) strains, likely reflecting a more intense and uniform application of vaccines in these regions. This evidence, along with the analysis of control strategies implemented in different areas, suggests a strong link between effective, systematic vaccine implementation and infection control. However, while the overall evolutionary rate was estimated at approximately 10
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