ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2024
Association between Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution Sources and Atopic Eczema among Preschool Children in South Africa.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- No conclusive link between indoor fuel use and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis with rigorous publication bias correction.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Self-Reported Socio-Economic Conditions, Air Pollution Sources and Eczema Symptoms Amongst Teenagers in Soshanguve, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Household and Environmental Determinants Influencing Atopic Dermatitis Among Young Rural Children in the Ehlanzeni District Municipality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Indoor and outdoor air pollutants concentrations at preschools in Melusi informal settlement, Pretoria, South Africa.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Spatial analysis of pollution source proximity to early childhood development centers in Gauteng.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the association between outdoor and indoor air pollution sources and atopic eczema among preschool children in South Africa. A cross-sectional design, following the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III protocol, was applied. The study was conducted in Mabopane and Soshanguve Townships in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. A total population of 1844 preschool children aged 7 years and below participated in the study; 1840 were included in the final data analysis. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of eczema ever (EE) and current eczema symptoms (ESs) was 11.9% and 13.3%, respectively. The use of open fires (paraffin, wood, or coal) for cooking and heating increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.76-3.52) and current ESs (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.00-3.74). Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at home increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.08-2.55) and current ESs (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.07-2.43). Mothers or female guardians smoking cigarettes increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.86-2.62) and current ESs (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.71-2.13). The use of combined building materials in homes increased the likelihood of EE, and corrugated iron significantly increased the likelihood of current ESs. The frequency of trucks passing near the preschool children's residences on weekdays was found to be associated with EE and current ESs, with a significant association observed when trucks passed the children's residences almost all day on weekdays. Atopic eczema was positively associated with exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution sources.
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