ReviewCancers2024
Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors following Disease Progression or Relapse.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- β-glucan combined with Envafolimab and Endostar as immune rechallenge for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.BMC immunology · 2024Trial
- Treatment patterns and outcomes of later-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with unknown or no actionable genomic alterations: a multicenter real-world study in China (RECAP study).Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical and Genomic Characteristics of Patients With Advanced NSCLC Who Have Long-Term Response to First-Line Immunotherapy: A Real-World Study.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in advanced NSCLC: prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Outcomes and Safety of PD-1 Blockades Plus Anlotinib Regimen in Previously-Treated Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Exploratory Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes and Safety of PD-1 Blockade Rechallenge Strategies After Prior Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Real-World Use and Immunotherapy Rechallenge Outcomes with Nivolumab in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in France: Interim Results of the LIST Study.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Editorial for Special Issue "Recent Advances in Trachea, Bronchus and Lung Cancer Management".Cancers · 2025Article
- U2AF65 mediated circPVT1 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and inhibits ferroptosis through the miR-338-3p/GPX4 axis.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Tumor cell-intrinsic circular RNA circFNDC3B attenuates CD8Communications biology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge therapy in the treatment of advanced acquired immune-resistant non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Dual targeting of TIGIT and VISTA in non-small-cell lung cancer immunotherapy.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Predictive markers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are at the forefront of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Still, only 27-46% of patients respond to initial therapy with ICIs, and of those, up to 65% develop resistance within four years. After disease progression (PD), treatment options are limited, with 10% Objective Response Rate (ORR) to second or third-line chemotherapy. In this context, ICI rechallenge is an appealing option for NSCLC. Most data on the efficacy of ICI rechallenge are based on retrospective real-world studies of small, heavily pretreated, and heterogeneous patient groups. Despite these limitations, these studies suggest that ICI monotherapy rechallenge in unselected NSCLC patient populations who discontinued initial ICI due to PD is generally ineffective, with a median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of 1.6-3.1 months and a Disease Control Rate (DCR) of 21.4-41.6%. However, there is a subpopulation that benefits from this strategy, and further characterization of this subgroup is essential. Furthermore, immunotherapy rechallenge in patients who discontinued initial immunotherapy following treatment protocol completion and progressed after an immunotherapy-free interval showed promising efficacy, with a DCR of 75-81%, according to post hoc analyses of several clinical trials. Future research on ICI rechallenge for NSCLC should focus on better patient stratification to reflect the underlying biology of immunotherapy resistance more accurately. In this review, we summarize evidence regarding rechallenge immunotherapy efficacy following NSCLC disease progression or relapse, as well as ongoing trials on immunotherapy rechallenge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.