ArticleCancers2024
The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Arsenite-Transformed Malignant UROtsa Bladder Cancer Cells: In Vitro Model of Basal Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in the United States of America. BC is classified into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Genetically, MIBCs are categorized into the more aggressive basal subtype or less aggressive luminal subtype. All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin), the ligand for the RAR-RXR retinoic acid receptor, is clinically used as a differentiation therapy in hematological malignancies. This study aims to determine the effects of retinoic acid on arsenite-transformed malignant urothelial cells (UROtsa As), serving as a model for basal muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We treated three independent isolates of arsenite-transformed malignant human urothelial UROtsa cells (UROtsa As) with tretinoin for 48 h. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed using crystal violet staining and flow cytometry. mRNA and protein level analyses were performed using RT-qPCR and the Simple Western™ platform, respectively. Tretinoin was found to reduce cell proliferation and urosphere formation, as well as decrease the expression of basal markers (KRT1, KRT5, KRT6, EGFR) and increase the expression of luminal differentiation markers (GATA3, FOXA1). Mechanistically, the antiproliferative effect of tretinoin was attributed to the downregulation of c-myc. Our results suggest that targeting the retinoic acid pathway can diminish the aggressive behavior of basal muscle-invasive urothelial cancer and may enhance patient survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.