Trial reportNature communications2024
Adjuvant nivolumab, capecitabine or the combination in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer: the OXEL randomized phase II study.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03487666 (OXEL), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
OXEL: A Pilot Study of Immune Checkpoint or Capecitabine or Combination Therapy as Adjuvant Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Residual Disease Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple time points for detecting circulating tumor DNA to monitor the response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- CfDNA-based copy-number dynamics during anti-PD1 treatment in metastatic triple negative breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Ultrasound-activated CuJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Pathologic complete response and survival according to germline BRCA1/2 status in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Neoadjuvant therapy for stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer: Current evidence, clinical boundaries and emerging strategies (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Biomarker-driven neoadjuvant immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging therapeutic targets FOXP3 and WT1.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biomarker prediction of immunotherapy response in breast cancer: from single markers to multi-omics integration.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Personalized ctDNA detection and genomic profiling in the NeoRHEA Study.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Prognostic relevance of increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in residual TNBC following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies CD8Teff cell activation as a predictive biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients Treated with Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Clinical Reality or Distant Horizon?Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Tailored therapies for triple-negative breast cancer: current landscape and future perceptions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- The role of UBR2 in triple-negative breast cancer and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Curcumenol inhibits malignant progression and promotes ferroptosis via the SLC7A11/NF‑κB/TGF‑β pathway in triple‑negative breast cancer.International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Serum analytes as predictors of disease recurrence and the duration of invasive disease-free survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer enrolled in the OXEL trial treated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Peripheral immune biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition of solid tumours.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Assessment of efficacy and safety of dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC) in combination with immunotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Update of
Authors and funding
29 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have a role in the post-neoadjuvant setting in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the effects of nivolumab, a checkpoint inhibitor, capecitabine, or the combination in changing peripheral immunoscore (PIS) remains unclear. This open-label randomized phase II OXEL study (NCT03487666) aimed to assess the immunologic effects of nivolumab, capecitabine, or the combination in terms of the change in PIS (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints included the presence of ctDNA, toxicity, clinical outcomes at 2-years and association of ctDNA and PIS with clinical outcomes. Forty-five women with TNBC and residual invasive disease after standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to nivolumab, capecitabine, or the combination. Here we show that a combination of nivolumab plus capecitabine leads to a greater increase in PIS from baseline to week 6 (91%) compared with nivolumab (47%) or capecitabine (53%) alone (log-rank p = 0.08), meeting the pre-specified primary endpoint. In addition, the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is associated with disease recurrence, with no new safety signals in the combination arm. Our results provide efficacy and safety data on this combination in TNBC and support further development of PIS and ctDNA analyses to identify patients at high risk of recurrence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.