ArticleJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2024
IL-6 Enhances the Activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR-GSK-3β by Upregulating GRPR in Hippocampal Neurons of Autistic Mice.
Article in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Converging neurotrophic-immune signaling in autism spectrum disorder: integrative roles of klotho, GDNF/GFRA-1, IGF-1 and GLP-1 pathways.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and multi-organ regulatory roles of anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Identification and Experimental Validation of Biomarkers Associated with PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Shenqi Dihuang Decoction Attenuates ALOX5-Mediated Ferroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy via AMPK/mTOR and TGF-Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory mechanisms and pharmacological advances in autism spectrum disorder: from inflammatory pathways to targeted interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pentadecanoic acid.World journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
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- PIEZO2 is the underlying mediator for precise magnetic stimulation of PVN to improve autism-like behavior in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- BDNF and GSK-3beta expression changes underlie the beneficial effects of crocin on behavioral alterations in a rat model of autism induced by prenatal valproic acid administration.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress response and NRF2 signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of the mTOR-FMRP pathway and synaptic plasticity in an environmental model of ASD.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- CDO1 phosphorylation is required for IL-6-induced tumor cell proliferation through governing cysteine availability.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Oxytocin enhances oligodendrocyte development and improves social deficits in autistic rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exercise-mediated IL-6 downstream effects modulate brain pathology-can exercise training protocols influence the downstream effects?Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and potential interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Overexpression of eIF4E Decreases Oxytocin Levels and Induces Social Cognitive Behavioral Disorders in Mice.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Metabolic Side Effects from Antipsychotic Treatment with Clozapine Linked to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Molecular targets and mechanisms of Sijunzi decoction in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: evidence from network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder associated with brain inflammation. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to the activation of PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD. Multiple studies highlight the role of GRPR in regulating ASD like abnormal behavior and enhancing the PI3K signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRPR regulates PI3K signaling in neurons of individuals with ASD is still unclear. In this study, we utilized a maternal immune activation model to investigate the effects of GRPR on PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD mice. We used HT22 cells with and without GRPR to examine the impact of GRP-GRPR on the PI3K-AKT pathway with IL-6 treatment. We analyzed a dataset of hippocampus samples from ASD mice to identify hub genes. Our results demonstrated increased expression of IL-6, GRPR, and PI3K-AKT signaling in the hippocampus of ASD mice. Additionally, we observed increased GRPR expression and PI3K-AKT/mTOR activation in HT22 cells after IL-6 treatment, but decreased expression in HT22 cells with GRPR knockdown. NetworkAnalyst identified GSK-3β as the most crucial gene in the PI3K-AKT/mTOR pathway in the hippocampus of ASD. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 upregulated the expression of GSK-3β in HT22 cells by upregulating GRP-GRPR. Our findings suggest that IL-6 can enhance the activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR-GSK-3β in hippocampal neurons of ASD mice by upregulating GRPR.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.