Observational studyNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2024
Visual snow syndrome in patients with migraine: widening the clinical spectrum of the syndrome with permanent and episodic manifestations.
Observational study in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual snow syndrome as a neuropsychiatric network disorder: clinical features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Learnings from familial visual snow syndrome: A case series.Headache · 2026Article
- Interictal eye movement alterations in migraine with aura: impact of perceptual and cognitive load during reading.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMigraine is the comorbidity most frequently associated with visual snow syndrome (VSS), but the prevalence of VSS in patients with migraine (PWM) has not been studied. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of VSS in PWM and to analyze if symptoms of VSS happened in a permanent or episodic manner (eVSS) in this population.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. PWM was recruited from headache units, and a survey about the presence of visual snow symptoms was administered. The frequency and characteristics of patients that met current VSS criteria were analyzed. Demographic and clinical features of patients with VSS, eVSS, and PWM with no visual snow were compared.
resultsA total of 217 PWM were included. Seventeen patients (7.8%) met the VSS criteria. VSS patients had visual aura more frequently (58.8% vs. 31%; p = 0.019) and a higher MIDAS score (96.6 vs. 47.7; p = 0.014). Fifty-eight PWM (26.7%) showed visual snow and associated features in an episodic way and were classified as eVSS. Patients with VSS showed a tendency towards a higher frequency of visual symptoms than patients with eVSS (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid conditions were found between VSS and eVSS.
conclusionThe prevalence of VSS in PWM may be higher than that described for the general population. Some PWM may present similar visual symptoms to patients with VSS but in an episodic manner. Our study reinforces the observation that the clinical spectrum of visual snow is likely to be broader than previously described.
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