ArticleMilitary psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association2020
An advanced perspective on moral challenges and their health-related outcomes through an integration of the moral distress and moral injury theories.
Article in Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- 'Out of My Hands': Palestinian Referral Care in East Jerusalem After October 7, 2023.Bioethics · 2026Article
- Measuring moral distress in Swedish maternal and neonatal healthcare: validation of an adapted MDS‑R and development of a criterion‑based index.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Moral Injury Among Pakistani Lawyers: Measurement, Psychometric Properties, and Validation.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Nurses' experiences of moral suffering: A qualitative interview study.Nursing ethics · 2026Article
- Exploring moral distress in research students in a paediatric humanitarian research setting: a qualitative study from the Mavrovouni closed controlled access center, Lesvos, Greece.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Conceptualizing moral health for military moral injury care: theoretical foundations of the moral engagement group.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Swedish moral injury symptoms scale-health professional: psychometric evaluation in a sample of hospital-based healthcare professionals across Sweden.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- We are still in it: a conceptual model for moral injury and burnout in alternative response programs to guide intervention.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Moral distress, moral residue, and associations with psychological distress: a cross-sectional study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- 'We Did the Very Best We Could for the Residents': A Thematic Analysis of Work Experience in Swedish Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2025Article
- Moral Injury in Mental Health Nursing-A Qualitative Descriptive Study in Switzerland.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Cumulative Incidence of Mental Disorders Among German Military Personnel Deployed to Iraq 2015-2018-An Epidemiological Study.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Commanding with compassion: harnessing the potential of military chaplains within the NATO structure.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Moral trauma, moral distress, moral injury, and moral injury disorder: definitions and assessments.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The prevalence and long-term effects of PTSD and moral injury in Swedish military veterans.Frontiers in sociology · 2025Article
- 'Telling them "that's what it says in the guidance" didn't feel good enough': moral distress during the pandemic in UK public health professionals.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- From active duty to activism: how moral injury and combat trauma drive political activism and societal reintegration among Israeli veterans.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The independent and combined impact of moral injury and moral distress on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Developing a global medicine student pre- and post-travel curriculum.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Ethics and frontline nursing during COVID-19: A qualitative analysis.Nursing ethics · 2023Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Both the models of moral distress and of moral injury place an emphasis on various types of moral challenges that may violate the individual's conscience, evoking moral emotions. Yet, there appears to be great conceptual confusion as regards both scholarly perspectives. The purpose of this article is to further elaborate on the qualitative content and conceptual demarcations of the theories of moral injury and moral distress. In the light of this theoretical elaboration, we propose an integrated moral distress and injury scale that provides a more holistic overview of these moral challenges. We suggest that the utility and applicability of the moral injury and moral distress theories may benefit from the integration of these concepts. A practical implication of our theoretical understanding is that processes of recovery, which involve moral dimensions, are complex. In line with this understanding, we advocate a holistic approach to health and well-being among military service members and Veterans.
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