ArticleBMC cancer2024
Carbon-ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with major vascular invasion: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton Beam Therapy for Untreated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Unsuitable for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- MVI-targeted carbon-ion radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Phase Ib DEPARTURE trial.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Exploratory case series of conversion to carbon ion radiotherapy after systemic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.International cancer conference journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Prospects: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Validation study on accuracy of our newly proposed methods for post-therapeutic liver reserve capacity estimation utilizingAnnals of nuclear medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMacroscopic vascular invasion (MVI) significantly impacts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), warranting systemic therapy over locoregional therapy. Despite novel approaches, HCC with MVI has a poor prognosis compared to early-to intermediate-stage HCC. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for HCC characterized by MVI.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated HCC patients with MVI treated using C-ion RT with a dose of 45.0-48.0 Gy/2 fractions or 52.8-60.0 Gy/4 fractions between 1995 and 2020 at our institution in Japan. We analyzed the prognostic factors and rates of local recurrence, survival, and adverse events. The local recurrence rate was determined using the cumulative incidence function, with death as a competing event. Survival rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test for univariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis were used to compare subgroups.
resultsIn total, 76 patients with a median age of 71 years (range, 45-86 years) were evaluated. Among them, 68 had Child-Pugh grade A while eight had grade B disease. In 17 patients, the vascular tumor thrombus reached the inferior vena cava or main trunk of the portal vein. Over a median follow-up period of 27.9 months (range, 1.5-180.4 months), the 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and local recurrence rates were 70.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.7-79.4%), 32.7% (95% CI: 22.0-43.8%), and 8.9% (95% CI: 1.7-23.5%), respectively. A naïve tumor and a single lesion were significant prognostic factors for overall survival in the univariate analysis. Albumin-bilirubin grade 1 and a single lesion were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Overall, four patients (5%) experienced grade 3 late adverse events, with no observed grade 4 or 5 acute or late adverse events.
conclusionsC-ion RT for HCC with MVI showed favorable local control and survival benefits with minimal toxicity.
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