Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38531639›Full record

ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2024

Community testing practices for autism within the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network.

Ashley Robinson Williams, Esther Amoakohene, Matthew J Maenner, Walter Zahorodny, Monica DiRienzo, Andrea Grzybowski, Jennifer Hall-Lande, Elise T Pas, Amanda V Bakian, Maya Lopez and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. DSM-5 based algorithms for the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised for children ages 4-17 years.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Ashley Robinson WilliamsNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-8309
Esther AmoakoheneNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Matthew J MaennerNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Walter ZahorodnyRutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Monica DiRienzoNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Andrea GrzybowskiUniversity of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Jennifer Hall-LandeUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Elise T PasJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amanda V BakianUniversity of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-1160
Maya LopezUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Mary PatrickNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Josephine ShenoudaRutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Kelly A ShawNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2964-8946
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USJohns Hopkins University · USOak Ridge Associated Universities · USUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNo data exist at the population level on what tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community practice.

objectivesTo describe autism spectrum disorder testing practices to inform autism spectrum disorder identification efforts.

methodsData are from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a multi-site surveillance system reporting prevalence estimates and characteristics of 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Percentages of children with autism spectrum disorder who received any autism spectrum disorder test or a 'gold standard' test were calculated by site, sex, race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Risk ratios were calculated to compare group differences.

resultsOf 5058 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder across 11 sites, 3236 (64.0%) had a record of any autism spectrum disorder test and 2136 (42.2%) had a 'gold standard' ADOS or ADI-R test. Overall, 115 children (2.3%) had both the ADOS and ADI-R in their records. Differences persisted across race, median household income, and intellectual ability status. Asian/Pacific Islander children had the highest percent receiving any ASD test (71.8%; other groups range: 57.4-66.0%) and White children had the highest percent receiving 'gold standard' tests (46.4%; other groups range: 35.6-43.2%). Children in low-income neighbourhoods had a lower percent of any test (62.5%) and 'gold standard' tests (39.4%) compared to medium (70.2% and 47.5%, respectively) and high (69.6% and 46.8%, respectively) income neighbourhoods. Children with intellectual disability had a lower percent of any ASD test (81.7%) and 'gold standard' tests (52.6%) compared to children without intellectual disability (84.0% and 57.6%, respectively).

conclusionsAutism spectrum disorder testing practices vary widely by site and differ by race and presence of co-occurring intellectual disability, suggesting opportunities to standardise and/or improve autism spectrum disorder identification practices.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderDevelopmental DisabilitiesChildEpidemiological MonitoringFemaleHumansMalePractice Patterns, Physicians'PrevalenceRacial GroupsUnited StatesADI‐RADOSautism spectrum disorderdiagnosisgold standardpublic health surveillance

Identifiers

PMID38531639
PMCPMC11262993
OpenAlexW4394738441

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.