ArticleBMJ open2024
Associations between use of diabetes technology and diabetes distress: a Danish cross-sectional survey of adults with type 1 diabetes.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04311164 (Steno Tech Explore), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Steno Tech Explore: A Multisite Exploratory Study of People With Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump Therapy
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Emotional Burden and Behavioral Impacts of Alarms and Alerts Across the Spectrum of Diabetes Technology Use: a Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Prevalence, incidence, mortality, and years of life lost to diabetes from 1996 to 2024 in Denmark.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Article
- Experiences of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Digital Health Technology for Diabetes Self-Care: Qualitative Study.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Article
- Diabetes distress screening using PAID-5 and PAID-1 among adults attending a tertiary multidisciplinary type 1 diabetes clinic.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Article
- Disparities in Diabetes Technology Uptake in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Global Perspective.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe study aimed to investigate independent and combined associations between insulin delivery method (insulin pump therapy (IPT) vs multiple daily injections (MDI)), glucose monitoring method (intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) vs blood glucose metre (BGM)) and diabetes distress (DD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe combined data from two Danish questionnaire-based surveys, the Steno Tech Survey (n=1591) and the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS) validation survey (n=4205), in which individuals aged ≥18 years with T1D were invited to participate. The 28-item T1-DDS was used to measure DD and DD scores were categorised as little or no distress (score <2.0), moderate distress (2.0-2.9) and high distress (score ≥3.0). Associations between insulin delivery, glucose monitoring methods and DD were assessed using linear regression.
resultsAmong 2068 adults with T1D who responded to one of the surveys, the use of IPT was associated with a lower total T1-DDS score (-0.09, 95% CI 0.16 to -0.03) compared with MDI and adjusted for glucose monitoring method. The use of CGM was associated with a higher total T1-DDS score (0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18) compared with BGM and adjusted for the insulin delivery method. IPT was still associated with a lower T1-DDS score, regardless of being combined with BGM (-0.17, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.06) or CGM (-0.13, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.05), compared with MDI with CGM. No association was found between the type of CGM (isCGM vs rtCGM) and DD among either IPT or MDI users when restricting analysis to individuals using CGM.
conclusionsAmong Danish adults with T1D, the use of IPT was associated with lower levels of DD, while CGM use was associated with higher levels of DD. DD should be addressed when introducing people with T1D to diabetes technology, CGM in particular. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04311164 (Results).
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