ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2024
Gender-affirming hormone therapy preserves skeletal maturation in young mice via the gut microbiome.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel model to study the impact of gender-affirming therapy on bone in young male mice.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Links between bone fractures and the gut microbiota.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Bacterial specificity of the gut microbiome predicts bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism.Bone research · 2026Article
- Diet quality and nutritional health among transgender and gender-diverse youth and young adults: mixed methods results from Project Gender NutriScope.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Prophylactic Administration of Ivermectin on the Fecal Microbiome of Healthy C57BL/6J Mice (Mus musculus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- The probioticGut microbes · 2025Article
- A synbiotic medical food improves gut barrier function, reduces immune responses, and inhibits osteoclast activity in models of postmenopausal bone loss aligned with clinical outcomes.Journal of functional foods · 2025Article
- Gut-disc axis: A Mendelian randomization study on the relationship between gut microbiota and cervical spondylosis.Medicine · 2025Article
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is often prescribed to transgender (TG) adolescents to alleviate gender dysphoria, but the effect of GAHT on the growing skeleton is unclear. We found GAHT to improve trabecular bone structure via increased bone formation in young male mice and not to affect trabecular structure in female mice. GAHT modified gut microbiome composition in both male and female mice. However, fecal microbiota transfers (FMTs) revealed that GAHT-shaped gut microbiome was a communicable regulator of bone structure and turnover in male, but not in female mice. Mediation analysis identified 2 species of Bacteroides as significant contributors to the skeletal effects of GAHT in male mice, with Bacteroides supplementation phenocopying the effects of GAHT on bone. Bacteroides have the capacity to expand Treg populations in the gut. Accordingly, GAHT expanded intestinal Tregs and stimulated their migration to the bone marrow (BM) in male but not in female mice. Attesting to the functional relevance of Tregs, pharmacological blockade of Treg expansion prevented GAHT-induced bone anabolism. In summary, in male mice GAHT stimulated bone formation and improved trabecular structure by promoting Treg expansion via a microbiome-mediated effect, while in female mice, GAHT neither improved nor impaired trabecular structure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.