Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38530330›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2024

Comparison of Spontaneous Pushing and Directed Pushing During the Second Stage of Labor Among Chinese Women Without Epidural Analgesia: Protocol for a Noninferior Feasibility Study.

Jiasi Yao, Heike Roth, Debra Anderson, Hong Lu, Huijuan Rong, Kathleen Baird

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jiasi YaoSchool of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-1037
Heike RothSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-4995
Debra AndersonFaculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-9624
Hong LuSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-0765
Huijuan RongDepartment of Nursing, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3414-5584
Kathleen BairdSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-6962
University of Technology Sydney · AUHebei Medical University · CNPeking University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMaternal pushing during the second stage of labor could influence labor progress and maternal-neonatal outcomes. Although the image of health care providers directing the laboring women to push during the second stage of labor could be commonly observed globally, this practice is not sufficiently researched and is questioned regarding its effectiveness and outcomes on the mother and baby. Meanwhile, a strategy referred to as "spontaneous pushing," which supports women to push by following their bodily urges, has been evaluated in several trials. However, in China, spontaneous pushing is not common practice. Notwithstanding the evaluation of spontaneous pushing, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support either strategies of directed pushing or spontaneous pushing.

objectiveThis study aims to test the feasibility of a future randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of spontaneous pushing and directed pushing during the second stage of labor for maternal and neonatal outcomes in China.

methodsA nonrandomized, single-group, noninferiority feasibility study will be conducted in a public hospital in Hebei Province, China. In total, 105 women meeting the selection criteria will be recruited to receive the intervention (spontaneous pushing), while 105 sets of medical notes from women who received routine care (directed pushing) will be identified and reviewed to compare outcomes for both cohorts. A mixed methods approach will be used to assess primary outcomes (feasibility and acceptability) and secondary outcomes (effectiveness).

resultsData collection took place between May and October 2023. A total of 110 women were invited to participate in the intervention of spontaneous pushing. Midwives' interviews were conducted and will be transcribed for analysis in March 2024. The data analysis is planned to be completed by May 2024.

conclusionsThis feasibility study will provide important information by conducting a full-scale clinical trial in the future as well as the potential facilitators and barriers of it. A future randomized controlled trial is likely to have considerable policy and funding impacts regarding pushing management during the second stage of labor and improvement in women's childbirth experience.

trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2300071178; https://tinyurl.com/mudtnbft. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/55701.

Indexed as

birthchildchildbirthChinaChinesecohortdeliverydirected pushingeffectivenessfeasibility studyhealthcarelaborlabouring womenlabour stage, labourmaternalmaternal-neonatal outcomesmidwifemidwiferyMidwivesobstetricobstetricsprotocolsecondspontaneous pushingwomen

Identifiers

PMID38530330
PMCPMC11005428
OpenAlexW4392174848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.