ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2024
Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating plantar soft tissue elasticity modulation using air insoles during walking.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Exploring air insole pressure and walking durations effects on microcirculation in healthy individuals to optimize diabetic foot ulcers prevention.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Assessing Plantar Skin Epidermal Layer in Response to Various Insole Hardness via Deep Learning Enabled Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis.Journal of biophotonics · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Hold Promise in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinically, air insoles may be applied to shoes to decrease plantar pressure gradient (PPG) and increase plantar gradient angle (PGA) to reduce foot ulcers. PPG and PGA may cause skin breakdown. The effects of different inner pressures of inflatable air insoles on dynamic PPG and PGA distributions are largely unknown in non-diabetics and people with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the impact of varying inner air insole pressures on PPG and PGA to establish early mitigation strategies for people at risk of foot ulcers. A repeated measures study design, including three air insoles (80 mmHg, 160 mmHg, and 240 mmHg) and two walking durations (10 and 20 min) for a total of six walking protocols, was tested on 13 healthy participants (height, 165.8 ± 8.4 cm; age, 27.0 ± 7.3 years; and weight, 56.0 ± 7.9 kg, BMI: 20.3 ± 1.7 kg/m^2) over three consecutive weeks. PPG, a measurement of the spatial variation in plantar pressure around the peak plantar pressure (PPP) and PGA, a variation in the gradient direction values at the three plantar regions, big toe (T1), first metatarsal head (M1), and second metatarsal head (M2), were calculated. This study indicated that PPG was lower at 80 mmHg air insoles after 20 min of walking in the M1 region (
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