ArticleFrontiers in oncology2024
A dynamic study of VEGF-A siDOX-EVs trafficking through the
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the 3D architecture of brain tissue using digital holographic microscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Targeted Fluoxetine Delivery Using Folic Acid-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Selective Uptake by Glioblastoma Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Holographic Proteomics: A Review of Digital Holographic Microscopy Applications in Spatial Proteomics.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential as Therapeutics in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Biomedicines · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Modeling the blood-brain barrier has long been a challenge for pharmacological studies. Up to the present, numerous attempts have been devoted to recapitulating the endothelial barrier Methods: In the current work, we cultured rat brain astrocytes, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, and rat brain pericytes and then used an insert well to culture the cells in contact with each other to model the blood-brain barrier. Then, the morphometric parameters of the porous membrane of the insert well, as well as each cell type were imaged by digital holographic microscopy before and after cell seeding. At last, we performed folate conjugation on the surface of the EVs we have previously tested for glioma therapy in our previous work called VEGF-A siDOX-EVs and checked how the trafficking of EVs improves after folate conjugation as a clathrin-mediated delivery setup. the trafficking and passage of EVs were assessed by flow cytometry and morphometric analysis of the digital holographic microscopy holograms. Results: Our results indicated that EVs successfully entered through the proposed endothelial barrier assessed by flow cytometry analysis and furthermore, folate conjugation significantly improved EV passage through the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, our results indicated that the VEGF-A siDOX-EVs insert cytotoxic impact on the cells of the bottom of the culture plate. Conclusion: folate-conjugation on the surface of EVs improves their trafficking through the blood-brain barrier and by using digital holographic microscopy analysis, we could directly assess the morphometric changes of the blood-brain barrier cells for pharmacological purposes as an easy, label-free, and real-time analysis.
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