ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: from etiology toward therapeutic approaches.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mastitis as a risk factor for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic strategies for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Granulomatous mastitis, erythema nodosum, and arthritis syndrome: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond the breast: systemic autoimmune and malignancy associations in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.International journal of women's dermatology · 2026Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective case series of clinical features, management, and outcomes.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- An endocrine microbe immunity framework for granulomatous mastitis toward phenotype-oriented interpretation.iScience · 2026Review
- Granulomatous Mastitis Mimicking Infection: A Case Report of Therapeutic Challenges and Evolving Management.Cureus · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress-Related DNA Damage in Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Prospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Serum Defensins in Differentiating Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis from Breast Cancer-Defensins in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A narrative review based on the Turkish consensus classification.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Granulomatous mastitis: from localized inflammation to systemic immune-mediated disorder.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Tuoli Tounong decoction promotes lesion resolution in granulomatous lobular mastitis by remodeling a Caspase-8-associated PANoptosis-like cell death network.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Diagnostic Pitfall: Lupus Mastitis Presenting Before Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Case reports in rheumatology · 2026Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with GMENA syndrome: clinical features, glucocorticoid response, and prognosis - a 12-year retrospective cohort study from a single center.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Bridging multidisciplinary care through dermatologic expertise and treatment strategies.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Outcomes of Different Surgical Approaches for Non-Lactational Mastitis With Posterior and Non-Posterior Space Abscesses: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Bilateral granulomatous mastitis associated with ductoscopy.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- Unveiling the enigma: understanding the complex disease course of granulomatous mastitis and seeking ways to shorten it.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- Is granulomatous mastitis a rheumatologic disease? The emerging role of rheumatologists in disease management.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a noncancerous, chronic inflammatory disorder of breast with unknown causes, posing significant challenges to the quality of life due to its high refractoriness and local aggressiveness. The typical symptoms of this disease involve skin redness, a firm and tender breast mass and mastalgia; others may include swelling, fistula, abscess (often without fever), nipple retraction, and peau d'orange appearance. IGM often mimics breast abscesses or malignancies, particularly inflammatory breast cancer, and is characterized by absent standardized treatment options, inconsistent patient response and unknown mechanism. Definite diagnosis of this disease relies on core needle biopsy and histopathological examination. The prevailing etiological theory suggests that IGM is an autoimmune disease, as some patients respond well to steroid treatment. Additionally, the presence of concurrent erythema nodosum or other autoimmune conditions supports the autoimmune nature of the disease. Based on current knowledge, this review aims to elucidate the autoimmune-favored features of IGM and explore its potential etiologies. Furthermore, we discuss the immune-mediated pathogenesis of IGM using existing research and propose immunotherapeutic strategies for managing this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.