ArticleNature microbiology2024
Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids are an innate defence against apoptotic mimicry viral pathogens.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIM-1 promotes infection with mosquito cell-derived alphaviruses through virion-associated phospholipids.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Lipid Cargo of Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Contributor to Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Beginner's Guide to Study the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Restricting efferocytosis pathway to CD91 via phosphatidylserine-targeting chimeric protein augments antitumor immune responses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics profiling of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles links cargo composition to host transcriptional responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ARF-like GTPase 8B orchestrates lipophagy and exocytosis to drive single-stranded RNA virus replication.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Early-apoptotic membrane engineering of M2 macrophage-derived nanovesicles enables osteoimmunomodulatory bone repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinases as potential mediators of the non-lytic spread of non-enveloped viruses.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Emerging roles of lipids in the flavivirus life cycle.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Zika virus: unraveling the complex interplay between viral pathogenesis and host immune defenses.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Macrophage Phenotype-Dependent Protein Corona Formation Governs Ligand Accessibility and Immune Clearance of Biomimetic Nanoparticles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Spectroscopic fingerprinting of extracellular vesicles from diverse cellular origins by ATR-FTIR for vibrational biomarkers of vector-host interactions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Silent Myocardial Infarction Revisited: Immuno-metabolic Mechanisms, Multimodal Biomarkers, and Translational Diagnostics.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Periodic asymmetric field enhances electrofusion of nanoscale lipid systems.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal-fetal interface.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles: Antiviral functions and applications in therapeutics and vaccines.iScience · 2025Review
- Assessing Extracellular Vesicle Turnover In Vivo Using Highly Sensitive Phosphatidylserine-Binding Reagents.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Some viruses are rarely transmitted orally or sexually despite their presence in saliva, breast milk, or semen. We previously identified that extracellular vesicles (EVs) in semen and saliva inhibit Zika virus infection. However, the antiviral spectrum and underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here we applied lipidomics and flow cytometry to show that these EVs expose phosphatidylserine (PS). By blocking PS receptors, targeted by Zika virus in the process of apoptotic mimicry, they interfere with viral attachment and entry. Consequently, physiological concentrations of EVs applied in vitro efficiently inhibited infection by apoptotic mimicry dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, Ebola and vesicular stomatitis viruses, but not severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus and herpesviruses that use other entry receptors. Our results identify the role of PS-rich EVs in body fluids in innate defence against infection via viral apoptotic mimicries, explaining why these viruses are primarily transmitted via PS-EV-deficient blood or blood-ingesting arthropods rather than direct human-to-human contact.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.