ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024
Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl Use Among Individuals in the U.S., 2022.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl in the United States: Current Trends.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of heroin and fentanyl use in US nationally representative surveys.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl Use and Associated Health and Substance Use Risks in the United States, 2022.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough morbidity and mortality related to synthetic opioids such as illicitly manufactured fentanyl are monitored in the U.S., there has been a lack of national survey data focusing on use. Survey data are important because self-report can help estimate prevalence of use among living persons.
methodsData were examined from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative probability sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged ≥12 years in the U.S. (N=59,069). Prevalence and correlates of past-year use of illicitly manufactured fentanyl were estimated. Data were analyzed in 2024.
resultsThe estimated prevalence of past-year illicitly manufactured fentanyl use was 0.23% (95% CI=0.17, 0.31). Compared with no past-year use, individuals were at increased odds for illicitly manufactured fentanyl use if proxy diagnosed with use disorder involving use of cannabis (AOR=3.72, 95% CI=1.34, 10.32), cocaine (AOR=11.96, 95% CI=4.78, 29.93), methamphetamine (AOR=5.60, 95% CI=1.65, 19.02), heroin (AOR=20.56, 95% CI=8.90, 47.52), and/or prescription opioids (AOR=10.65, 95% CI=3.54, 32.03). (Mis)use without use disorder was only significant for prescription opioids (AOR=5.77, 95% CI=2.55, 13.06). Those receiving treatment for substance use in the past year were also at increased odds for use (AOR=5.79, 95% CI=2.58, 13.00).
conclusionsPrevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl use is rare in the general U.S. POPULATION: Whereas past-year (mis)use of other drugs (without use disorder) was not consistently associated with illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and prescription opioid use disorder was associated with higher odds of illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, suggesting that more severe use of various drugs is more of a risk factor than use.
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