ArticleOman journal of ophthalmology
The prevalence of functional amblyopia and its related risk factors in preschool children in North-Eastern Iran.
Article in Oman journal of ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of COVID-19 on refractive amblyopia risk factors in 5-years-old children: A nationwide cross sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- The Changing Natural History of Anisometropia: A Scoping Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Factors influencing refractive status distribution and amblyopia in preschool children with low vision.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Optical quality of Fresnel-structured hyperopic implantable collamer lenses: A ray-tracing analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prospective observational study of three real-world amblyopia treatments in children: clinical outcomes and predictive factors.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPurpose was to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and its related risk factors in children aged 3-6 years in Bojnurd, north-eastern Iran. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, from 12,331 children aged 3-6 in Bojnurd, 6600 children participated in annual amblyopic screening program and among them, around 1100 suspected cases were referred for full ophthalmic examinations. Measurement of visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, subjective refraction, and cover test were performed for all participants. Amblyopia was defined as CDVA of 0.2 LogMar or less in each eye or 2-line difference or more in best-corrected visual acuity between two eyes.
resultsThe prevalence of amblyopia was estimated 0.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73%-1.2%). There was no relationship between amblyopia with age and genders. Most amblyopic children were hyperopic (61.9%; 95% CI: 48.7-73.8). Strabismus was found in 17.4% of amblyopic patients (95% CI: 9.05%-29.09%). Approximately half of the amblyopic children were anisometropic (55.5%; 95% CI: 42.40%-68.08%). The most common type of amblyopia was anisohyperopic (55.56%; 95% CI: 42.5%-67.5%). The prevalence of bilateral amblyopia was more than unilateral amblyopia. The assessment of data showed that hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were the most common causes of amblyopia in this study.
conclusionsThe prevalence of amblyopia was estimated about 1% in north-eastern Iran. Our study indicated a valuable information around the effect of refractive error and anisometropia on amblyopia which could be helpful in designing a comprehensive vision screening program for preschool children.
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