ArticleF&S reports2024
Concordance of hemoglobin A1c and reproductive hormone levels in menstrual and venous blood.
Article in F&S reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of self-collected menstrual blood for high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Ovarian intelligence: AI applications leveraging AMH and inhibin B.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Menstrual blood serum extracellular vesicles reveal novel molecular biomarkers and potential endotypes of unexplained infertility.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Menstrual Blood as a Non-Invasive Alternative for Monitoring Vitamin Levels.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Hormonal testing in menstrual blood enhances reproductive freedom.F&S reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To explore whether menstrual blood collected via a modified menstrual pad is a surrogate for venous blood drawn in analyzing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fertility-associated hormones. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Clinical testing laboratory. Patients: This study included 152 female participants who have regular menses, aged 19-50 years old. Interventions: Participants collected menstrual effluent using a menstrual pad modified with a removable dried blood spot (DBS) strip. Peripheral blood samples were collected via venipuncture within 60 hours of menstrual pad use. Main Outcome Measures: Menstrual pad and venous blood drawn samples were analyzed for levels of HbA1c, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Correlation between menstrual pad and venipuncture samples was performed using Deming linear regression, and r coefficients were measured using Pearson correlation. Results: The interassay variability of menstrual pad DBS sample measurements was <6%. Menstrual HbA1c values were stabilized in the DBS strips through 53 days, and menstrual hormone levels remained stable through 15 days. Menstrual HbA1c levels were highly correlated with venipuncture samples (r = 0.96). The levels of TSH (r = 0.94), AMH (r = 0.94), FSH (r = 0.91), and LH (r = 0.91) also showed a high correlation between menstrual strip and venipuncture samples. Conclusions: The levels of HbA1c, TSH, AMH, FSH, and LH measurements in menstrual effluent showed a high correlation to venous blood samples, supporting the use of menstrual effluent as a surrogate sample for hormone testing.
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Registered trials
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