SynthesisInternational ophthalmology2024
Applications of topical immunomodulators enhance clinical signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC): a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors During the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis: Practice Patterns and Opinions.Cornea · 2025Article
- Immunophenotyping in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Schirmer Test for Therapy Response Prediction.Allergy · 2025Article
- Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Compliance of Two Compounded Formulations of Tacrolimus Eye Drops: An Open-Label, Sequential Prospective Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis meta-analysis aimed to review the safety and efficacy of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) and topical tacrolimus in allergic eye disease.
methodsA systematic search identified thirteen studies and a total of 445 patients for inclusion, making this the largest meta-analysis published on the subject. The current review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
resultsThirteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven studies used CsA as the treatment, and two used Tacrolimus. In total, 445 participants were included, of whom 76.6% were male. The mean age of participants across the included studies was 14 years. All studies reported clinical signs as evaluated by an examining clinician. Signs were usually assessed by anatomical region, with the most common regions being the conjunctiva and the cornea, and the most common signs assessed were hyperemia and papillae. Three studies accounted for more than 50% of the meta-analysis's weight. Effect size (d) ranged from - 2.37 to - 0.03, negative values favoring immunomodulators. Fixed Effect Meta-Analysis returned an SMD of - 0.81 (95% CI [- 0.98, - 0.65]). However, there was significant heterogeneity (I
conclusionsThis study affirms the current scientific community's stance that immunomodulators effectively treat clinical signs, including blepharitis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema, papillae, and corneal damage in severe ocular allergic disease.
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