Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38519749›Full record

ReviewNature neuroscience2024

Recommendations for the responsible use and communication of race and ethnicity in neuroimaging research.

Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez, Marybel Robledo Gonzalez

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
100.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Longitudinal neurocognitive trajectories in a large cohort of youth who use cannabis: combining self-report and toxicology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  10. Review
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  12. Childhood Opportunity Index 2.0 and Cognition via the NIH Toolbox.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026
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  19. Patterns of brain-wide associations reflect socioeconomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Carlos Cardenas-IniguezDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. carlosc2@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-3020
Marybel Robledo GonzalezDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
The Ohio State University · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES007048 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROB S MCCONNELL · 1996 to 2026
$46.4M
Leadership, Excellence, And Development of Diversity in ResearchT36GM008637 · NIGMS · FEDERATION OF AMER SOC FOR EXPER BIOLOGY · PI ROSA-MOLINAR, EDUARDO · 1996 to 2018
$11.2M
Project 3: Maternal Exposure to Environmental Hazards and Psychosocial Stressors and Postpartum Allostatic LoadP50MD015705 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BRETON, CARRIE VAN DOREN · 2020 to 2024
$8.1M
Training Grant in Genomic Analysis and InterpretationT32ES013678 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GAUDERMAN, WILLIAM JAMES, MCCONNELL, ROB S · 2006 to 2023
$5.6M
Urban air pollution and neurobehavioral trajectories in the ABCD studyR01ES031074 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Megan Marie Herting · 2020 to 2026
$4.4M
Next-Generation Neuroscience Scholars ProgramR25NS089462 · NINDS · SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE · PI Karina Alvina, EDUARDO ROSA-MOLINAR · 2014 to 2026
$3.5M
BRAINS: Broadening the Representation of Academic Investigators in NeuroSciences - A national program to increase the advancement of neuroscience researchers from diverse backgroundsR25NS094094 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SHERI J. Y. MIZUMORI · 2017 to 2026
$2.7M
A Longitudinal Mentoring Approach to Increase Diversity-RenewalR25NS117356 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Angeline Joan Dukes, Paul G Mermelstein · 2020 to 2026
$1.6M
Enhanced Interdisciplinary Research Training InstituteR25DA050687 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI VALDEZ, AVELARDO · 2020 to 2024
$1.3M
Addiction Scientists Strengthened though Education and Training (ASSET)R25DA050724 · NIDA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI PITPITAN, EILEEN VIRTUSIO, ZUNIGA DE NUNCIO, MARIA LUISA · 2020 to 2024
$1.3M
Scientific Training in Addiction Research Techniques (START) for gifted future investigators from historically underrepresented and underserved backgrounds.R25DA059073 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI GARAVAN, HUGH P., JOHNSON, MICAH · 2023 to 2025
$1.1M
Diversity Resources for Enrichment, Access & Mentoring 2R25GM116706 · NIGMS · FEDERATION OF AMER SOC FOR EXPER BIOLOGY · PI ROSA-MOLINAR, EDUARDO · 2016 to 2017
$972k
NIAAA NIH HHS K01 AA030325NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA050687NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA050724NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA059073NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA058976NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES007048NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031074NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES013678NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM116706NIGMS NIH HHS T36 GM008637NIGMS NIH HHS U13 GM133156NIMHD NIH HHS P50 MD015705NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH125545NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS089462NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS094094NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS117356
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing availability of large-population human biomedical datasets provides researchers with unique opportunities to conduct rigorous and impactful studies on brain and behavioral development, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of neurodevelopment in diverse populations. However, the patterns observed in these datasets are more likely to be influenced by upstream structural inequities (that is, structural racism), which can lead to health disparities based on race, ethnicity and social class. This paper addresses the need for guidance and self-reflection in biomedical research on conceptualizing, contextualizing and communicating issues related to race and ethnicity. We provide recommendations as a starting point for researchers to rethink race and ethnicity choices in study design, model specification, statistical analysis and communication of results, implement practices to avoid the further stigmatization of historically minoritized groups, and engage in research practices that counteract existing harmful biases.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchEthnicityCommunicationHumansSocial Class

Identifiers

PMID38519749
PMCPMC11698468
OpenAlexW4393071844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.