Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38519421›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2024

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients.

Thomas Knuijver, Rob Ter Heine, Arnt F A Schellekens, Paniz Heydari, Luc Lucas, Sjoerd Westra, Maarten Belgers, Toon van Oosteren, Robbert Jan Verkes, Cornelis Kramers

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ibogaine for Substance Use Disorders.Advances in therapy · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Thomas KnuijverIrisZorg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Rob Ter HeineDepartment of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2185-8201
Arnt F A SchellekensNijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Paniz HeydariDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Luc LucasDepartment of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sjoerd WestraDepartment of Cardiology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Maarten BelgersIrisZorg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Toon van OosterenIrisZorg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Robbert Jan VerkesDepartment of Psychiatry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cornelis KramersDepartment of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Radboud University Nijmegen · NLIrisZorg · NLThe Netherlands Cancer Institute · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIbogaine is a hallucinogenic drug that may be used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The relationships between pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ibogaine and its metabolites and their clinical effects on side effects and opioid withdrawal severity are unknown. We aimed to study these relationships in patients with OUD undergoing detoxification supported by ibogaine.

methodsThe study was performed in 14 subjects with OUD. They received a single dose of 10mg/kg ibogaine hydrochloride. Plasma PKs of ibogaine, noribogaine, and noribogaine glucuronide were obtained during 24 h. Cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotyping was performed. The PKs were analyzed by means of nonlinear mixed effects modeling and related with corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation, cerebellar ataxia, and opioid withdrawal severity.

resultsThe PK of ibogaine were highly variable and significantly correlated to CYP2D6 genotype (

conclusionsThe clearance of ibogaine is strongly related to CYPD2D6 genotype. Ibogaine cardiac side effects (QTc time) and cerebellar effects are most likely more driven by ibogaine rather than noribogaine. Future studies should aim at exploring lower doses and/or applying individualized dosing based on CYP2D6 genotype.

Indexed as

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6GenotypeHallucinogensIbogaineOpioid-Related DisordersAdultFemaleHumansLong QT SyndromeMaleMiddle AgedSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeYoung AdultCytochrome P-450 CYP2D6HallucinogensIbogainenoribogaineCYP2D6ibogaineopioidpharmacodynamicsPharmacokineticsQTcsafety

Identifiers

PMID38519421
PMCPMC11102648
OpenAlexW4393117206

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.