Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38518087›Full record

ArticleProtein & cell2024

Engineered extracellular vesicles enable high-efficient delivery of intracellular therapeutic proteins.

Ding Ma, An Xie, Jiahui Lv, Xiaolin Min, Xinye Zhang, Qian Zhou, Daxing Gao, Enyu Wang, Lei Gao, Linzhao Cheng and 1 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Protein & cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ding MaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
An XieBlood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
Jiahui LvSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Xiaolin MinSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Xinye ZhangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Qian ZhouSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Daxing GaoSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Enyu WangBlood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
Lei GaoBlood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China.
Linzhao ChengDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
Senquan LiuDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1444-5994
University of Science and Technology of China · CN

Funding

Changchun Zhuoyi Biological Co. LtdNational Natural Science Foundation of China 82250710171University of Science and Technology of China
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developing an intracellular delivery system is of key importance in the expansion of protein-based therapeutics acting on cytosolic or nuclear targets. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been exploited as next-generation delivery modalities due to their natural role in intercellular communication and biocompatibility. However, fusion of protein of interest to a scaffold represents a widely used strategy for cargo enrichment in EVs, which could compromise the stability and functionality of cargo. Herein, we report intracellular delivery via EV-based approach (IDEA) that efficiently packages and delivers native proteins both in vitro and in vivo without the use of a scaffold. As a proof-of-concept, we applied the IDEA to deliver cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), an innate immune sensor. The results showed that cGAS-carrying EVs activated interferon signaling and elicited enhanced antitumor immunity in multiple syngeneic tumor models. Combining cGAS EVs with immune checkpoint inhibition further synergistically boosted antitumor efficacy in vivo. Mechanistically, scRNA-seq demonstrated that cGAS EVs mediated significant remodeling of intratumoral microenvironment, revealing a pivotal role of infiltrating neutrophils in the antitumor immune milieu. Collectively, IDEA, as a universal and facile strategy, can be applied to expand and advance the development of protein-based therapeutics.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesAnimalsCell Line, TumorCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNucleotidyltransferasesTumor MicroenvironmentcGAS protein, humancGAS protein, mouseCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseNucleotidyltransferasescancer immunotherapycGASextracellular vesiclesintracellular protein delivery

Identifiers

PMID38518087
PMCPMC11443452
OpenAlexW4393097368

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.