ArticleOtology & neurotology open2022
A 3D Printed Human Ear Model for Standardized Testing of Hearing Protection Devices to Blast Exposure.
Article in Otology & neurotology open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in 3D printing for the repair of tympanic membrane perforation: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypothesis: A 3D printed human temporal bone (TB) that is anatomically accurate would cost-effectively reproduce the responses observed in blast testing of human cadaveric TBs with and without passive hearing protection devices (HPDs). Background: HPDs have become critical personal protection equipment against auditory damage for service members. Acoustic test fixtures and human TBs have been used to test and develop HPDs; however, the lack of a cost-effective, standardized model impedes the improvement of HPDs. Methods: In this study, the 3D printed TB model was printed with flexible and rigid polymers and consisted of the ear canal, tympanic membrane (TM), ossicular chain, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscle tendons, and middle ear cavity. The TM movement under acoustic stimulation was measured with laser Doppler vibrometry. The TB model was then exposed to blasts with or without HPDs and pressures at the ear canal entrance (P0) and near the TM in the ear canal (P1) were recorded. All results were compared with that measured in human TBs. Results: Results indicated that in the 3D printed TB, the attenuated peak pressures at P1 induced by HPDs ranged from 0.92 to 1.06 psi (170-171 dB) with blast peak pressures of 5.62-6.54 psi (186-187 dB) at P0, and measured results were within the mean and SD of published data. Vibrometry measurements also followed a similar trend as the published results. Conclusions: The 3D printed TB model accurately evaluated passive HPDs' protective function during blast and the potential for use as a model for acoustic transmission was investigated.
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Registered trials
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