ArticleBMC public health2024
The validity of the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire in children aged 4 to 12.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A network psychometric analysis to advance the understanding of children's physical literacy.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Physical Literacy and Physical Fitness in Preschool-Aged Children.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Examining the relationship between self-reported physical literacy and performance-based motor skills in school-aged children.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2026Article
- Multi-index quality evaluation of licorice from six Chinese origins using entropy factor analysis and systematic clustering.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Expert-based quantitative modeling for the probabilistic assessment of human factors risks related to physical literacy.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Advancing physical literacy measurement in early childhood: psychometric properties of a novel assessment and profiling method and its relationship with physical activity.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Research on the development and differentiation of the physical literacy scale for Chinese college students.PloS one · 2026Article
- Social identity coupling model in university students in high-level sports teams: based on grounded theory and fsQCA.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- A structural model of perceived physical literacy of educational/sports college students based on PPLI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the physical literacy scale for young and middle-aged patients with hypertension.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Maternal health literacy plays a greater role than paternal health literacy in adolescent physical activity in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a physical literacy assessment questionnaire for college students.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven the growing evidence on the health benefits associated with physical literacy (PL), it is necessary to develop sound measures to assess the levels of PL in children. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is the first self-report pictorial-based scale to assess children's perceived PL. It has good validity and reliability in Australian children aged 7 to 12 years, but little is known in younger children and in other cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability in an expanded age range.
methodsA total of 1,870 Chinese children (girls, n = 871; 46.6%), aged 4 to 12 years (M = 8.07 ± 2.42) participated in validity testing. Structural equation modeling with the Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance approach was used to assess construct validity. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 30 items and four hypothesized factors: physical, psychological, social and cognitive capabilities. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess sex and age group (4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years) measurement invariance. Internal consistency analyses were conducted using polychoric alpha. A random subsample (n = 262) was selected to determine test-retest reliability using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC).
resultsAll items except one (moving with equipment-skateboarding) loaded on sub-domains with λ > 0.45. The hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.042), with measurement equivalence across sex and age groups separately. Internal consistency values were good to excellent (overall: α = 0.94; physical: α = 0.86; psychological: α = 0.83; social: α = 0.81; cognitive: α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was adequate to excellent (overall: ICC = 0.90, physical: ICC = 0.86, psychological: ICC = 0.75, social: ICC = 0.71, cognitive: ICC = 0.72).
conclusionThe Chinese version of the PL-C Quest is valid and reliable for testing the self-reported PL of Chinese children aged 4 to 12. This study provides the first evidence of validity for this tool in children aged 4-6 years and also evidence that the PL-C Quest would be a meaningful instrument to assess PL in Chinese children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.