Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38513162›Full record

ArticleNeurology2024

Association of Coffee Consumption and Prediagnostic Caffeine Metabolites With Incident Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Cohort.

Yujia Zhao, Yunjia Lai, Hilde Konijnenberg, José María Huerta, Ana Vinagre-Aragon, Jara Anna Sabin, Johnni Hansen, Dafina Petrova, Carlotta Sacerdote, Raul Zamora-Ros and 9 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
13.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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  13. Exposome research comes of age.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  18. Caffeine in Aging Brains: Cognitive Enhancement, Neurodegeneration, and Emerging Concerns About Addiction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yujia ZhaoFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5275-0036
Yunjia LaiFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1081-0897
Hilde KonijnenbergFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
José María HuertaFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Ana Vinagre-AragonFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Jara Anna SabinFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Johnni HansenFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Dafina PetrovaFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Carlotta SacerdoteFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Raul Zamora-RosFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Valeria PalaFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Alicia K HeathFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Salvatore PanicoFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5498-8312
Marcela GuevaraFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Giovanna MasalaFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Christina M LillFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2805-1307
Gary W MillerFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Susan PetersFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5662-1971
Roel VermeulenFrom the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (Y.Z., H.K., S. Peters, R.V.), Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Y.L., G.W.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.H.), Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (J.M.H., M.G.), Madrid; Movement Disorders Unit (A.V.-A.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia; BioDonostia Health Research Institute (A.V.-A.), Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, San Sebastián, Spain; Division of Cancer Epidemiology (J.A.S.), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Danish Cancer Institute (J.H.), Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP) (D.P.); Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria-ibs.GRANADA (D.P.), Granada; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) (D.P.), Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cancer Epidemiology (C.S.), Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy; Unit of Nutrition and Cancer (R.Z.-R.), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Prevention Unit (V.P.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.K.H., M.G.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine (S. Panico), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (M.G.), Pamplona; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) (M.G.), Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Cancer Research (G.M.), Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine (C.M.L.), University of Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (C.M.L.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and University Medical Centre Utrecht (R.V.), the Netherlands.
Utrecht University · NL

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/M012190/1Medical Research Council MR/N003284/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesInverse associations between caffeine intake and Parkinson disease (PD) have been frequently implicated in human studies. However, no studies have quantified biomarkers of caffeine intake years before PD onset and investigated whether and which caffeine metabolites are related to PD.

methodsAssociations between self-reported total coffee consumption and future PD risk were examined in the EPIC4PD study, a prospective population-based cohort including 6 European countries. Cases with PD were identified through medical records and reviewed by expert neurologists. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for coffee consumption and PD incidence were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. A case-control study nested within the EPIC4PD was conducted, recruiting cases with incident PD and matching each case with a control by age, sex, study center, and fasting status at blood collection. Caffeine metabolites were quantified by high-resolution mass spectrometry in baseline collected plasma samples. Using conditional logistic regression models, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated for caffeine metabolites and PD risk.

resultsIn the EPIC4PD cohort (comprising 184,024 individuals), the multivariable-adjusted HR comparing the highest coffee intake with nonconsumers was 0.63 (95% CI 0.46-0.88, DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that the neuroprotection of coffee on PD is attributed to caffeine and its metabolites by detailed quantification of plasma caffeine and its metabolites years before diagnosis.

Indexed as

CaffeineParkinson DiseaseCase-Control StudiesCoffeeHumansProspective StudiesRisk FactorsCaffeineCoffee

Identifiers

PMID38513162
PMCPMC11175631
OpenAlexW4393031521

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