ArticlePloS one2024
Parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables and fruits sold in open-air markets in peri-urban areas of Jimma City, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The bacterial and parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from local farms and markets in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patterns and associated factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, pattern and predictors of clinically important parasites contaminating raw vegetables and fruits in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of intestinal parasite and associated factors among fruits and vegetables collected from local markets of woldia town, north east Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Vegetables Marketed and Cultivated in Small-Scale Farms in Hosanna Town and Its Surrounding Areas, Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Article
- First Assessment of Risk Factors forMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Microbial contamination and contributing factors of fresh vegetables in South Gondar Zone Markets, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unbalanced Macronutrient Intakes, Multiple Micronutrient Inadequacies, and Diarrhea Underscore Low-Height-for-Age in Indigenous Panamanian Preschool Children.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination in fresh vegetables in Bangkok, Thailand, and surrounding areas: A cross-sectional survey.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- Article
- Parasitic Contamination and Its Associated Factors in Fruits and Vegetables Collected From Ethiopia's Local Markets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsuming contaminated raw vegetables and fruits is one of the primary means of parasite transmission to humans. Periodic monitoring of parasitic contamination in these food items is a crucial step in preventing the spread of parasitic disease in the community. This study was aimed at detecting intestinal parasitic contamination caused by consuming raw vegetables and fruits sold in three open-air markets and its associated factors in peri-urban areas of Jimma City, Oromia, Ethiopia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on fruits and vegetables collected from three peri-urban open-aired markets (namely; Hora Gibe, Bore and Jiren markets) in peri-urban areas of Jimma City between July and September 2021. A total of 187 fresh vegetable samples and 188 fruits were collected and examined for intestinal parasite contamination. About 200g of fruit and vegetable samples were processed and examined microscopically for parasite contamination, utilizing direct wet mount and modified Zeihl-Neelson staining methods in accordance with standard protocols. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics of vendors and risk factors for fruit and vegetable contamination. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
resultOf the 187 fresh vegetable samples and 188 fresh vegetable samples, 105 (56.1%) and 68/188 (36.2%) of vegetables and fruit samples, respectively, were found contaminated with one or more intestinal parasites. Remarkably, high level of contamination in fresh vegetable samples was recorded both in Carrot (Daucus carota) 63.8% (30/46) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 63.1% (29/46) while Green pepper (Capsicum spp.) is the least contaminated. In fruit samples, Avokado (Persea americana) 42.6% (20/47) and Banana (Musa acuminata) 14.9% (7/47) were the most and the least commonly contaminated items respectively. The identified helminthes and protozoans were Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxocara spp. And Fasciola spp. The most predominant parasite encountered was A. lumbricoides 46(12.3%) whereas both Toxocara spp. 12(6.9) and Fasciola spp. 2(0.5) were the least detected parasites. It is worth-mentioned that the rate of contamination in Bore market (38.15%) was higher compared with Jiren market (34.7%) and Hora Gibe market (27%). However, the rate of contamination in vegetables and fruit obtained from the three district was non-significant (p = 0.19). Contamination was more common in vegetables than fruits (AOR = 5.78, p<0.001). It was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling (p < 0.001).
conclusionThe study has identified a high rate of raw vegetables and fruits contaminated with intestinal helminthes and protozoan. Contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits in open-aired peri-urban markets of Jimma city, Ethiopia may play a significant role in transmission of intestinal parasitic infections to humans, particularly A. lumbricoides infection. Therefore, it is urgently needed for health authorities to educate the public on the proper handling of vegetables and fruits prior to consumption.
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