ArticleInflammopharmacology2024
Synergistic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and dexamethasone on macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions.
Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Effect of hepatic arterial dexamethasone administration on long-term survival among hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle cargo dynamics in the bone marrow microenvironment: from hematopoietic homeostasis to malignant transformation.Extracellular vesicle · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel drug delivery carrier: engineering strategies and clinical safety estimation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Developing anACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Macrophage Axis: Potential Targets for Inflammatory Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutic Cargo Delivery for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The undesirable inflammation and the excessive M1 macrophage activity may lead to inflammatory diseases. Corticosteroids and stem cell therapy are used in clinical practice to promote anti-inflammatory responses. However, this protocol has limitations and is associated with numerous side effects. In this study, the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) were evaluated to enhance the polarization of M1 inflammatory macrophages into the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Hence, we designed different combinations of Dex and EVs using three methods, including EVs isolated from Dex-preconditioned MSCs (Pre-Dex-EVs), EVs loaded with Dex (L-Dex-EVs), and EVs and Dex co-administration (Dex + EVs). All designed EVs had a significant effect on reducing the expression of M1-related genes (iNOS, Stat1, and IRF5), cytokines (IL6 and TNF-a), and CD markers (CD86) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. On the other hand, these combinations promoted the expression of alternative-activated M2-related genes (Arg-1, Stat6, and IRF4), cytokine (IL10), and CD markers (CD206).The combination of Dex and MSC-EVs enhances the effectiveness of both and synergistically promotes the conversion of inflammatory macrophages into an anti-inflammatory state.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.