ArticleWorld journal of urology2024
Treatment patterns and prognosis in patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-exposed high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a real-world data analysis.
Article in World journal of urology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Classifications and Candidate Biomarkers for Personalizing BCG Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- High Oncological Efficacy of BCG Maintenance Therapy for Primary High-Grade T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.Cancers · 2026Article
- Mechanical stress, metabolic reprogramming and stromal remodeling: an emerging paradigm in the bladder cancer mechano-micro-environment.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Biomarkers Predict Poor Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Rechallenge in Previously Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Treated Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.The Journal of urology · 2025Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Refractory Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC): Current Guidance and Experience from Clinical Practice.Research and reports in urology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe International Bladder Cancer Group designated the subgroup that is resistant to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) but does not meet the criteria for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC as "BCG-exposed high-risk NMIBC" to guide optimal trial design. We aimed to investigate the treatment patterns and prognoses of patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 3283 patients who received intravesical BCG therapy for NMIBC at 14 participating institutions between January 2000 and December 2019. Patients meeting the criteria for BCG-exposed and BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, as defined by the Food and Drug Administration and International Bladder Cancer Group, were selected. To compare treatment patterns and outcomes, high-risk recurrence occurring more than 24 months after the last dose of BCG was defined as "BCG-treated NMIBC." In addition, we compared prognoses between BCG rechallenge and early cystectomy in patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC.
resultsOf 3283 patients, 108 (3.3%), 150 (4.6%), and 391 (11.9%) were classified as having BCG-exposed, unresponsive, and treated NMIBC, respectively. BCG-exposed NMIBC demonstrated intermediate survival curves for intravesical recurrence-free and progression-free survival, falling between those of BCG-unresponsive and treated NMIBC. Among patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC, 48 (44.4%) received BCG rechallenge, which was the most commonly performed treatment, and 19 (17.6%) underwent early cystectomy. No significant differences were observed between BCG rechallenge and early cystectomy in patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC.
conclusionsThe newly proposed definition of BCG-exposed NMIBC may serve as a valuable disease subgroup for distinguishing significant gray areas, except in cases of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
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