ReviewHeliyon2024
Accounting for the health risk of probiotics.
Review in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Probiotic Short-Term Regiment on Oral Health Parameters in Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Use of Probiotics with Antibiotics: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Community Pharmacy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Probiotics in Autoimmune Disease: Strain-specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Probiogenomic analysis of functional potential and safety ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Regenerative Microbiology: Harnessing Bacterial Antagonism and Spatiotemporal Signaling for Diabetic Wound Repair.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Preventive effect of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM8 in an ovalbumin-induced food allergy murine model.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Effect of postbiotics on biofilm formation and gene expression in Candida spp. isolates from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.Medical mycology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome as a Strategy to Restore Immune Tolerance in Autoimmunity.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Genesis, Health Benefits, and Future Perspectives of Probiotics: Exploring Endogenous and Exogenous Classes, Innovations, and Research Gaps.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The Potential Anticancer Mechanisms of Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Current Concepts in Probiotic Safety and Efficacy.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Antibacterial hydrogels for skin infected wounds: frontier approaches as antibiotic alternatives therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut-Liver Axis Failure in Critical Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: From ICU Secondary Hits to Microbiome-Targeted Therapy.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Review
- Gerobiotics: Exploring the Potential and Limitations of Repurposing Probiotics in Addressing Aging Hallmarks and Chronic Diseases.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The Intestinal Barrier: A Multilayered Gatekeeper Against Systemic Disease.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Sensory Characteristics of Probiotic-Containing Foods: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Enhancing Acceptability and Consumer Adherence.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Postbiotics: Multifunctional Microbial Products Transforming Animal Health and Performance.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Differential Regulatory Effects of Probiotics on Bone Metabolism by the Status of Bone Health and Delivery Route.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Understanding the potential of probiotics in oral cancer prevention: a short review on microbial modulation.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Nutraceuticals, Social Interaction, and Psychophysiological Influence on Pet Health and Well-Being: Focus on Dogs and Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Probiotics have long been associated with a myriad of health benefits, so much so that their adverse effects whether mild or severe, are often neglected or overshadowed by the enormous volume of articles describing their beneficial effects in the current literature. Recent evidence has demonstrated several health risks of probiotics that warrant serious reconsideration of their applications and further investigations. This review aims to highlight studies that report on how probiotics might cause opportunistic systemic and local infections, detrimental immunological effects, metabolic disturbance, allergic reactions, and facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. To offer a recent account of the literature, articles within the last five years were prioritized. The narration of these evidence was based on the nature of the studies in the following order of preference: clinical studies or human samples, in vivo or animal models, in situ, in vitro and/or in silico. We hope that this review will inform consumers, food scientists, and medical practitioners, on the health risks, while also encouraging research that will focus on and clarify the adverse effects of probiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.