ArticleBMJ open2024
Exploring the barriers to, and importance of, participant diversity in early-phase clinical trials: an interview-based qualitative study of professionals and patient and public representatives.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Inequities in enrollment across clinical trial phases and the need for a Spanish perspective.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- The undue burdens of clinical trial participation: implications for equity, diversity, and inclusion.Trials · 2026Article
- Research ethics and integrity challenges in accelerated clinical trials, an interview study.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Gender Diversity of Research Teams and Clinical Trial Enrollment.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Analysis of 4616 clinical trial initial submissions received by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency between February 2019 and October 2023.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Which demographic characteristics are associated with willingness to take part in recontact studies? A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Measuring trust in medical research: Perspectives from racial and ethnic communities underrepresented in research.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Community-Engaged Approaches for Improving the Inclusion of Diverse Communities in a Nutrition Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Exploring Dietary Salt Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among People of African Descent in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Patient and public involvement and engagement in the development of innovative patient-centric early phase dose-finding trial designs.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo explore the importance of, and barriers to achieving, diversity in early-phase clinical trials.
designQualitative interviews analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING AND
participantsFive professionals (clinical researchers and methodologists) and three patient and public representatives (those with experience of early-phase clinical trials and/or those from ethnic minority backgrounds) were interviewed between June and August 2022. Participants were identified via their institutional web page, existing contacts or social media (eg, X, formerly known as Twitter).
resultsProfessionals viewed that diversity is not currently considered in all early-phase clinical trials but felt that it should always be taken into account. Such trials are primarily undertaken at a small number of centres, thus limiting the populations they can access. Referrals from clinicians based in the community may increase diversity; however, those referred are often not from underserved groups. Referrals may be hindered by the extra resources required to approach and recruit underserved groups and participants often having to undertake 'self-driven' referrals. Patient and public representatives stated that diversity is important in research staff and that potential participants should be informed of the need for diversity. Those from underserved groups may require clarification regarding the potential harms of a treatment, even if these are unknown. Education may improve awareness and perception of early-phase clinical trials. We provide 14 recommendations to improve diversity in early-phase clinical trials.
conclusionsDiversity should be considered in all early-phase trials. Consideration is required regarding the extent of diversity and how it is addressed. The increased resources needed to recruit those from underserved groups may warrant funders to increase the funds to support the recruitment of such participants. The potential harms and societal benefits of the research should be presented to potential participants in a balanced but accurate way to increase transparency.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.