ArticleJournal of advanced research2025
Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii promote gut barrier homeostasis by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization.
Article in Journal of advanced research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Amino acid metabolism by pig intestinal bacteria and consequences for intestinal health and environment: current knowledge and future directions.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Food-Derived Biohybrid Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles for Synergistic Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Functional Integration of Crosstalk Between Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Intestinal Immunity Signaling.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Short-chain fatty acids regulate macrophage-mediated immune responses in intestinal inflammation: Implications for pigs.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- miR-9394b from Lactobacillus paracasei extracellular vesicles targets iNOS to reprogram host NO-ornithine metabolism and ameliorate DSS-induced murine colitis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Biological Functions and Applications of Feeding Microorganism-derived Extracellular Vesicles.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Modulation of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota by aPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Multi-omics integration analyses reveal microbiome and metabolome features in pregnant sow diarrhea induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Reprogramming the gut-liver immune axis: probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles as precision nanotherapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Anti-aging potential of Limosilactobacillus fermentum F-B9-1-2 extracellular vesicles in D-galactose-induced cellular and organ senescence.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gut Microbiota and the Brain, Kidney, and Cardiovascular Health: The Role of Probiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Comparative Proteomic Profiling of ClinicalJournal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Bifidobacterium breve inhibits colorectal cancer via extracellular vesicles containing formate acetyltransferase.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Sleeve gastrectomy protects lean mice from future obesity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles carrying GAPDH protect against ulcerative colitis through modulating macrophage polarization.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDiarrheic disease is a common intestinal health problem worldwide, causing great suffering to humans and animals. Precise manipulation strategies based on probiotics to combat diarrheic diseases have not been fully developed.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics manipulate macrophage against diarrheic disease.
methodsMetagenome reveals gut microbiome profiles of healthy and diarrheic piglets. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) was employed to explore the causal relationship between gut microbes and diarrhea. The protective role of probiotics and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was investigated in ETEC K88-infected mice. Macrophage depletion was performed to assess the role of macrophages in EVs against diarrhea. Execution of in vitro cell co-culture and transcriptome analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which EVs modulate the macrophage and intestinal epithelial barrier.
resultsEscherichia coli was enriched in weaned diarrheic piglets, while Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. john) showed a negative correlation with Escherichia coli. The transmission of diarrheic illness symptoms was achieved by transferring fecal microbiota, but not metabolites, from diarrheic pigs to germ-free (GF) mice. L. john's intervention prevented the transmission of disease phenotypes from diarrheic piglets to GF mice. L. john also reduces the gut inflammation induced by ETEC K88. The EVs secreted by L. john demonstrated enhanced efficacy in mitigating the adverse impacts induced by ETEC K88 through the modulation of macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments have revealed that EVs activate M2 macrophages in a manner that shuts down ERK, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells.
conclusionOur results reveal that intestinal microbiota drives the onset of diarrheic disease and that probiotic-derived EVs ameliorate diarrheic disease symptoms by modulating macrophage phenotypes. These findings can enhance the advancement of innovative therapeutic approaches for diarrheic conditions based on probiotic-derived EVs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.