Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38507253›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2024

A comprehensive investigation of the performance of a commercial scintillator system for applications in electron FLASH radiotherapy.

Kevin Liu, Shannon Holmes, Emil Schüler, Sam Beddar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Volumetric FLASH dosimetryPhysics in medicine and biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kevin LiuDivision of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Shannon HolmesStandard Imaging Inc., Middleton, Wisconsin, USA.
Emil SchülerDivision of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Sam BeddarDivision of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Funding

Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Scott Kopetz · 1985 to 2026
$290.8M
Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research: Preclinical optimization of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy parameters for translational relevanceR01CA266673 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI SCHUELER, EMIL · 2022 to 2025
$3.5M
Water-Equivalent Plastic Scintillation Detectors for Small-Field RadiotherapyR44CA153824 · NCI · STANDARD IMAGING, INC. · PI BEDDAR, SAM, SCHMIDT, DANIEL G. · 2013 to 2014
$961k
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas RP210042National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health R01CA266673NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672NCI NIH HHS R01 CA266673NCI NIH HHS R44 CA153824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDosimetry in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) beamlines is significantly challenged by limitations in real-time monitoring and accurate measurement of beam output, beam parameters, and delivered doses using conventional radiation detectors, which exhibit dependencies in ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) and high dose-per-pulse (DPP) beamline conditions. PURPOSE: In this study, we characterized the response of the Exradin W2 plastic scintillator (Standard Imaging, Inc.), a water-equivalent detector that provides measurements with a time resolution of 100 Hz, to determine its feasibility for use in UHDR electron beamlines.

methodsThe W2 scintillator was exposed to an UHDR electron beam with different beam parameters by varying the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), pulse width (PW), and pulse amplitude settings of an electron UHDR linear accelerator system. The response of the W2 scintillator was evaluated as a function of the total integrated dose delivered, DPP, and mean and instantaneous dose rate. To account for detector radiation damage, the signal sensitivity (pC/Gy) of the W2 scintillator was measured and tracked as a function of dose history.

resultsThe W2 scintillator demonstrated mean dose rate independence and linearity as a function of integrated dose and DPP for DPP ≤ 1.5 Gy (R

conclusionThe Exradin W2 scintillator can provide output measurements that are both dose rate independent and linear in response if the DPP is kept ≤1.5 Gy (corresponding to a mean dose rate up to 290 Gy/s in the used system), as long as proper calibration is performed to account for PW and changes in signal sensitivity as a function of accumulated dose. For DPP > 1.5 Gy, the W2 scintillator's response becomes nonlinear, likely due to limitations in the electrometer related to the high signal intensity.

Indexed as

ElectronsScintillation CountingParticle AcceleratorsRadiometryRadiotherapyRadiotherapy DosagedosimetryFLASHplastic scintillatorscintillatorUHDRW2

Identifiers

PMID38507253
PMCPMC11147715

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.