SynthesisEuropean journal of neurology2024
Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Infection as a potential trigger in glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case report and review of immunotherapeutic strategies.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis: from diagnosis to disease progression.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Early Clinical and Cerebrospinal Fluid Predictors of 1-Year Recurrence in Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- EBV-associated autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with lumbosacral leptomeningeal enhancement: a case report and literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Characteristics and prognostic factors of cognitive impairment in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Bilateral Orbital Fat Hyperintensity in Early Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: A Case Report.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Pre-corticosteroid delusional psychosis and olanzapine-responsive behavioral dyscontrol in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A case report.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod as adjunctive therapy in refractory autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case series.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of late-onset adult autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- The Case of a 19-Year-Old Woman Presenting With Headache and Transient Loss of Consciousness.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Associated with Coexisting Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with full-length spinal cord lesions: a case report and literature review.BMC neurology · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with concomitant Epstein-Barr virus positivity: a case series of 12 patients and literature review.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- MELAS syndrome complicated by anti-GFAP autoantibody positivity: a case report and literature review.BMC neurology · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Astrocytopathy and Its Radiological Manifestations: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- From the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial to Antibody-Mediated Optic Neuritis: Four Decades of Progress and Unanswered Questions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prominent urinary dysfunction and delayed antibody detection in patients with glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case series analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study was undertaken to provide a comprehensive review of neuroimaging characteristics and corresponding clinical phenotypes of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), a rare but severe neuroinflammatory disorder, to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
methodsA PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis)-conforming systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on all available data from January 2016 to June 2023. Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes were extracted for both adult and paediatric forms.
resultsA total of 93 studies with 681 cases (55% males; median age = 46, range = 1-103 years) were included. Of these, 13 studies with a total of 535 cases were eligible for the meta-analysis. Clinically, GFAP-A was often preceded by a viral prodromal state (45% of cases) and manifested as meningitis, encephalitis, and/or myelitis. The most common symptoms were headache, fever, and movement disturbances. Coexisting autoantibodies (45%) and neoplasms (18%) were relatively frequent. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in partial/complete remission in a majority of cases (83%). Neuroimaging often revealed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities (74%) as well as perivascular (45%) and/or leptomeningeal (30%) enhancement. Spinal cord abnormalities were also frequent (49%), most commonly manifesting as longitudinally extensive myelitis. There were 88 paediatric cases; they had less prominent neuroimaging findings with lower frequencies of both T2/FLAIR hyperintensities (38%) and contrast enhancement (19%).
conclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis provide high-level evidence for clinical and imaging phenotypes of GFAP-A, which will benefit the identification and clinical workup of suspected cases. Differential diagnostic cues to distinguish GFAP-A from common clinical and imaging mimics are provided as well as suitable magnetic resonance imaging protocol recommendations.
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Registered trials
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