Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38505474›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical extended reality2024

What Is Medical Extended Reality? A Taxonomy Defining the Current Breadth and Depth of an Evolving Field.

Brennan M R Spiegel, Albert Rizzo, Susan Persky, Omer Liran, Brenda Wiederhold, Susan Woods, Kate Donovan, Korak Sarkar, Henry Xiang, Sun Joo and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical extended reality, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. When I say … extended reality.Medical education · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Primary Care Informatics: Vitalizing the Bedrock of Health Care.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Brennan M R SpiegelCedars-Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research Virtual Medicine Program, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-6896
Albert RizzoMedical Virtual Reality Lab, University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Susan PerskySocial and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-5744
Omer LiranCedars-Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research Virtual Medicine Program, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Brenda WiederholdVirtual Reality Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Susan WoodsTufts School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kate DonovanBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Korak SarkarOchsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Henry XiangNationwide Children's Hospital, Colombus, Ohio, USA.
Sun JooCenter for Advanced Computer-Human Ecosystems, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Rohan JotwaniWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Min LangDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Margot PaulStanford University, Palo Alta, California, USA.
Mike Senter-ZapataMassachusetts General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Keith WidmeierChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Haipeng ZhangHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

Immersive Virtual Environment Testing AreaZIDHG200384 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI PERSKY, SUSAN · 2012 to 2025
$7.1M
Immersive technologies in health and medicineZIAHG200423 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI PERSKY, SUSAN · 2024 to 2025
$237k
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical extended reality (MXR) has emerged as a dynamic field at the intersection of health care and immersive technology, encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications across a wide range of medical disciplines. Despite its rapid growth and recognition by regulatory bodies, the field lacks a standardized taxonomy to categorize its diverse research and applications. This American Medical Extended Reality Association guideline, authored by the editorial board of the

Indexed as

augmented realitydigital healthimmersive technologiesmedical extended reality (MXR)mixed realityvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID38505474
PMCPMC10945763

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.