ArticleClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2024
The Economic Burden of Diabetic Retinopathy in Jordan: Cost Analysis and Associated Factors.
Article in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular gene therapy targeting retinal angiogenesis and vascular leakage: translational and clinical evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Angiogenesis · 2026Pooled it
- Determining direct, indirect healthcare and social costs for diabetic retinopathy management: a systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Quantifying the direct costs of diabetic retinopathy in a mixed healthcare system: a hospital-based study from governmental and patient perspectives.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Budget impact analysis of the introduction of ranibizumab's biosimilar to the Jordanian joint procurement system.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Detection Rate of Diabetic Retinopathy Before and After Implementation of Autonomous AI-based Fundus Photograph Analysis in a Resource-Limited Area in Belize.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in lower extremity amputation in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: analysis of the GBD dataset 1990-2019.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual loss worldwide in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of our study are to describe the costs associated with (DR) and to evaluate its economic impact in Jordan. Methods: Retrospectively, we included all patients with DM and classified them according to the severity of DR. Data regarding medical history, ophthalmic history, stage of DR, presence of DME, and the ophthalmic procedures and operations were collected. The total DR-related cost was measured as a direct medical cost for the outpatient and inpatient services. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were included in the study. Only 49.7% of the patients presented without DR, and 21% presented with diabetic macular edema (DME) unilaterally or bilaterally. The DR-related cost was significantly associated with insulin-based regimens, longer duration of DM, higher HbA1c levels, worse stage of DR at presentation, the presence of DME at presentation, the presence of glaucoma, and increased mean number of intravitreal injections, laser sessions, and surgical operations. Multivariate analysis should the presenting stage of DR, presence of DME, and the presence of DME be the independent factors affecting the DR-related cost. Conclusion: This study is the first study to be conducted in Jordan and encourages us to establish a screening program for DR for earlier detection and treatment. DM control and treatment compliance will reduce the heavy costs of the already exhausted healthcare and financial system.
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