ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2024
Chylothorax: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management-a comprehensive review.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and management outcomes of chylothorax after pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Indocyanine green-assisted lymphography for intraoperative chyle leak prevention during esophageal cancer surgery: a systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Traumatic chylothorax management post-coronary artery bypass grafting - A systematic review.Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals · 2025Pooled it
- Esophagectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term outcomes.Updates in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Pulmonary tuberculosis occurring during the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis complicated by chylothorax: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Diluted Etilefrine for Neonatal Chylothorax: A 96-Hour Physicochemical Stability Study.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Thoracic duct stenting as a treatment for chylothorax and chylous ascites in patient with Yellow Nail Syndrome.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2026Article
- Dasatinib-Associated Chylothorax: A Scoping Review and Pharmacovigilance Analysis.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Article
- Chemical pleurodesis as a therapeutic option in non-traumatic chylothorax: a scoping review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Chylothorax Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Case Report and Management Considerations.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2026Article
- Traumatic chylothorax after blunt thoracic injury: A case series from a level 1 trauma centre.Trauma case reports · 2026Article
- Chylothorax in a 57-Year-Old Female Patient After a Car Accident.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Contemporary Pleural Drainage in Adult Practice: Image-Guided Techniques, Procedural Safety, Training Standards, and Malignant Pleural Effusion Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- An unusual case of chylothorax.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical outcomes of non-traumatic chylothorax at a Singapore tertiary referral hospital.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Bilateral Congenital Chylothorax With Neonatal Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Sepsis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Chronic Chylothorax in Childhood: Clinical Complexity and Management Challenges-A Case Report and Literature Overview.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chylothorax after adult cardiac surgery: a comprehensive narrative review.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chylothorax is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of chyle in the pleural space. While it accounts for a small percentage of pleural effusions, chylothorax can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This article provides a comprehensive overview of chylothorax, covering its relevant anatomy, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Injury or disruption to the thoracic duct (which is responsible for chyle transport) leads to the development of chylothorax. This may result from trauma, such as iatrogenic injury during surgery, or non-traumatic causes, including malignancy, lymphatic disorders, and heart failure. Recognition of the underlying cause is essential to tailor management. Clinical presentation varies, with symptoms linked to rate of chyle accumulation and the causative condition. Diagnosis relies on pleural fluid analysis, with demonstration of elevated triglyceride levels (>110 mg/dL) and reduced cholesterol levels (<200 mg/dL) being the key diagnostic criteria employed in clinical practice. Various imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) scans and lymphatic-specific investigations, may be utilised to aid identification of the site of chyle leak, as well as determine the likely underlying cause. Chylothorax management is multifaceted, with conservative approaches such as dietary modification and pharmacological interventions often initiated as first-line treatment. Drainage of chylous effusion may be necessary for symptom relief. When conservative methods fail, interventional procedures like thoracic duct ligation or embolization can be considered. Due to the diverse aetiological factors and patient characteristics associated with chylothorax, individualized management strategies are recommended. Nonetheless, management of chylothorax is an evolving field with a paucity of high-quality evidence or standardized guidelines, highlighting the importance of ongoing research and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize individual patient care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.