ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2024
Pectus excavatum and carinatum: a narrative review of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and classification.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the probability of success with vacuum bell therapy in pediatric patients with pectus excavatum: a systematic review and future directions.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Congenital Chest Wall Deformities in Children: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Delayed intrathoracic pectus bar displacement after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum using the short bar technique: a case series.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Pectus deformities in children: a pictorial review.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Exercise impairment in patients with pectus excavatum? A scoping review of evidence and role of arterial content change during effort.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Fluoroscopic characterization of pectus excavatum in dogs: a cross-sectional study.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in thoracic spinal curvature after nuss procedure in adult pectus excavatum.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Computed tomography features associated with pneumothorax susceptibility in pectus excavatum: a retrospective case-control study of lobar morphometry, attenuation metrics, and machine-learning projection.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Parallel-bar versus cross-bar configurations in the Nuss procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Forward Head Angle and Shoulder Angle in Relation to Stabilometry in Children with Pectus Excavatum Included in an Exercise Program.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes of sub-millisievert CT evaluation of congenital chest wall deformity using photon counting CT: a new standard of care?Research square · 2026Article
- [A case report of Diets-Jongmans syndrome caused by aZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Tyrosinemia presenting as rickets.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Performance of ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Pro, and DeepSeek-V3 in Patient-Facing Information on Chest Wall Deformities: A Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy, RELIABILITY, and Reproducibility.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychological Impact of Congenital Chest Wall Deformities Among Adolescents and Young Adults.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nutritional risk factors and eating behaviors in adolescents with pectus excavatum: new approach by using cluster analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Genetic Associations with Pectus Excavatum: A Systematic Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Effect of Minimally Invasive Pectus Correction on Thoracic Spinal Alignment in Pectus Excavatum and Carinatum Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objective: A wide variety of congenital chest wall deformities that manifest in infants, children and adolescents exists, among which are pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Numerous studies have been conducted over the years aiming to better understand these deformities. This report provides a brief overview of what is currently known about the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and classification of these deformities, and highlights the gaps in knowledge. Methods: A search was conducted for all the above-described domains in the PubMed and Embase databases. Key Content and Findings: A total of 147 articles were included in this narrative review. Estimation of the true incidence and prevalence of pectus excavatum and carinatum is challenging due to lacking consensus on a definition of both deformities. Nowadays, several theories for the development of pectus excavatum and carinatum have been suggested which focus on intrinsic or extrinsic pathogenic factors, with the leading hypothesis focusing on overgrowth or growth disturbance of costal cartilages. Furthermore, genetic predisposition to the deformities is likely to exist. Pectus excavatum is frequently associated with cardiopulmonary symptoms, while pectus carinatum patients mostly present with cosmetic complaints. Both deformities are classified based on the shape or severity of the deformity. However, each classification system has its limitations. Conclusions: Substantial progress has been made in the past few decades in understanding the development and symptomatology of pectus excavatum and carinatum. Current hypotheses on the etiology of the deformities should be confirmed by biomedical and genetic studies. For clinical purposes, the establishment of a clear definition and classification system for both deformities based on objective morphologic features is eagerly anticipated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.