Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38504796›Full record

ArticleLearned publishing : journal of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers2023

How to improve scientific peer review: Four schools of thought.

Ludo Waltman, Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner, Stephen Pinfield, Helen Buckley Woods

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Learned publishing : journal of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
15.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Paying peer reviewers: benefits, risks, and challenges.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Ludo WaltmanCentre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-1752
Wolfgang KaltenbrunnerCentre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-8212
Stephen PinfieldResearch on Research Institute (RoRI) UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-764X
Helen Buckley WoodsResearch on Research Institute (RoRI) UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-9803
Leiden University · NLUniversity of Sheffield · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peer review plays an essential role as one of the cornerstones of the scholarly publishing system. There are many initiatives that aim to improve the way in which peer review is organized, resulting in a highly complex landscape of innovation in peer review. Different initiatives are based on different views on the most urgent challenges faced by the peer review system, leading to a diversity of perspectives on how the system can be improved. To provide a more systematic understanding of the landscape of innovation in peer review, we suggest that the landscape is shaped by four schools of thought: The Quality & Reproducibility school, the Democracy & Transparency school, the Equity & Inclusion school, and the Efficiency & Incentives school. Each school has a different view on the key problems of the peer review system and the innovations necessary to address these problems. The schools partly complement each other, but we argue that there are also important tensions between them. We hope that the four schools of thought offer a useful framework to facilitate conversations about the future development of the peer review system.

Indexed as

innovationpeer reviewscholarly publishingschool of thought

Identifiers

PMID38504796
PMCPMC10946616
OpenAlexW4367318021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.