ArticleLangenbeck's archives of surgery2024
Applying augmented reality in teaching of surgical residents-telementoring, a "stress-free" way to surgical autonomy?
Article in Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart glasses-assisted telementoring in inguinal hernia repair: a new frontier in surgical training?Surgical endoscopy · 2026Trial
- Review
- Surgeons' physiological parameters and surgical performance: a systematic scoping review.Patient safety in surgery · 2025Review
- Development and evaluation of an international teleproctoring program for bronchoscopic procedures.iScience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAchieving surgical autonomy can be considered the ultimate goal of surgical training. Innovative head-mounted augmented reality (AR) devices enable visualization of the operating field and teaching from remote. Therefore, utilization of AR glasses may be a novel approach to achieve autonomy. The aim of this pilot study is to analyze the feasibility of AR application in surgical training and to assess its impact on intraoperative stress.
methodsA head-mounted RealWear Navigator® 500 glasses and the TeamViewer software were used. Initial "dry lab" testing of AR glasses was performed in combination with the Symbionix LAP Mentor™. Subsequently, residents performed various stage-adapted surgical procedures semi-autonomously (SA) (on-demand consultation of senior surgeon, who is in theatre but not scrubbed) versus permanent remote supervision (senior surgeon not present) via augmented reality (AR) glasses, worn by the resident in theatre. Stress was measured by intraoperative heart rate (Polar® pulse belt) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire.
resultsAfter "dry lab" testing, N = 5 senior residents performed equally N = 25 procedures SA and with AR glasses. For both, open and laparoscopic procedure AR remote assistance showed satisfactory applicability. Utilization of AR significantly reduced intraoperative peak pulse rate from 131 to 119 bpm (p = 0.004), as compared with the semi-autonomous group. Likewise, subjectively perceived stress according to STAI was significantly lower in the AR group (p = 0.011).
conclusionAR can be applied in surgical training and may help to reduce stress in theatre. In the future, AR has a huge potential to become a stepping stone to surgical autonomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.