ArticleJournal of fluorescence2025
GFP Transfection Alters Protein Expression Patterns in Prostate Cancer Cells: A Proteomic Study.
Article in Journal of fluorescence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual-line Genome-scale CRISPR Screening Enables Robust Target Gene Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- NRF1 and NRF2 Expression in Preeclamptic Placentas: A Comparative Observational Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rapid assessment of immune effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity using mRNA lipid nanoparticles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Boron-Based Topical Strategy for Enhancing Flap Survival: Mechanistic Insights Through Proteomic Analysis.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of Mouse-Tumor Model Using Prostate Cancer (PC3) Cell Line for High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation.Prostate cancer · 2025Article
- Gene Delivery via Octadecylamine-Based Nanoparticles for iPSC Generation from CCD1072-SK Fibroblast Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeGreen Fluorescent Protein is widely used as a cellular marker tool, but its potential influence on cells has been questioned. Although the potential off-target effects of GFP on tumor cells have been studied to some extent, the findings at the molecular level are insufficient to explain the effect of GFP expression on the tumorigenic capacity of cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of GFP expression on the tumorigenicity of PC3 prostate cancer cells.
methodsUsing GFP-expressing and wild-type PC-3 cells, xenograft models were generated in athymic BALB/C mice. To identify differentially expressed proteins, the change in cells proteome was investigated by label-free quantification with nano-high performance liquid chromatography to tandem mass spectrometry (nHPLC-MS/MS). Proteins that showed significantly altered expression levels were evaluated using the bioinformatics tools.
resultsUnlike the wild-type PC-3 cells, GFP-expressing cells failed to develop tumor. Comparative proteome analysis of GFP-expressing cells with WT PC-3 cells revealed a total of 216 differentially regulated proteins, of which 98 were upregulated and 117 were downregulated.
conclusionUpon GFP expression, differential changes in several pathways including the immune system, translational machinery, energy metabolism, elements of cytoskeletal and VEGF signaling pathway were observed. Therefore, care should be taken into account to prevent reporting deceitful mechanisms generated from studies utilizing GFP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.