SynthesisImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
COVID-19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Disease burden of viral respiratory infections in people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid and frontal cortex TMPRSS2 and ACE2 protein levels differ in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Proportion, factors hindering, and experiences regarding cardiac screening in children with Down syndrome at Mulago National Referral Hospital: a cross-sectional multimethod study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cortical cells is influenced by the interaction between aneuploidy and biological sex: insights from a Down syndrome in vitro model.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Down Syndrome in Children: A Primary Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDown syndrome (DS) is associated with multiple comorbid conditions and chronic immune dysfunction. Persons with DS who contract COVID-19 are at high risk for complications and have a poor prognosis. We aimed to study the clinical symptoms, laboratory and biochemical profiles, radiologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with DS and COVID-19.
methodWe systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library using the keywords COVID-19 or coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 and DS or trisomy 21. Seventeen articles were identified: eight case reports and nine case series published from December 2019 through March 2022, with a total of 55 cases.
resultsPatients averaged 24.8 years (26 days to 60 years); 29 of the patients were male. The most common symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and cough. Gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract symptoms were commonly reported for pediatric patients. The most common comorbidities present in patients with DS were obesity (49.0%), hypothyroidism (21.6%) and obstructive sleep apnea (15.6%). The patients were hospitalized for a mean of 14.8 days. When the patients were compared with the general COVID-19 population, the mean number of hospitalized days was higher. Most patients had leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory markers (d-dimer and C-reactive protein). Bilateral infiltrations and bilateral ground-glass opacifications were frequently seen in chest radiographs and chest computed tomographic imaging. Most of the patients were treated with methylprednisolone, macrolides, and hydroxychloroquine. Of the 55 patients, 22 died. The mean age of the patients who died was 42.8 years. Mortality rate was higher in individuals with DS over 40 years of age.
conclusionMore studies are needed to better understand COVID-19 infections among persons with DS. In addition, the study was limited by a lack of statistical analyses and a specific comparison group.
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