ArticleFrontiers in public health2024
Determinants of HIV late presentation among men who have sex with men in Portugal (2014-2019): who's being left behind?
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of knowledge and use of HIV primary and secondary prevention strategies in Portugal: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Portugal (2023-2024): a comparative analysis of transmission clusters between migrants and non-migrants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Are people with HIV at advanced disease stages being left behind? A global survey.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- The HIV Testing and Health Care Intervention: Insights into Promoting HIV Testing Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men.American journal of men's healthArticle
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Authors and funding
58 authors at 19 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: HIV late presentation (LP) remains excessive in Europe. We aimed to analyze the factors associated with late presentation in the MSM population newly diagnosed with HIV in Portugal between 2014 and 2019. Methods: We included 391 newly HIV-1 diagnosed Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), from the BESTHOPE project, in 17 countrywide Portuguese hospitals. The data included clinical and socio-behavioral questionnaires and the viral genomic sequence obtained in the drug resistance test before starting antiretrovirals (ARVs). HIV-1 subtypes and epidemiological surveillance mutations were determined using different bioinformatics tools. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between predictor variables and late presentation (LP). Results: The median age was 31 years, 51% had a current income between 501-1,000 euros, 28% were migrants. 21% had never been tested for HIV before diagnosis, with 42.3% of MSM presenting LP. 60% were infected with subtype B strains. In the multivariate regression, increased age at diagnosis, higher income, lower frequency of screening, STI ever diagnosed and higher viral load were associated with LP. Conclusion: Our study suggests that specific subgroups of the MSM population, such older MSM, with higher income and lower HIV testing frequency, are not being targeted by community and clinical screening services. Overall, targeted public health measures should be strengthened toward these subgroups, through strengthened primary care testing, expanded access to PrEP, information and promotion of HIV self-testing and more inclusive and accessible health services.
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