Observational studyOrphanet journal of rare diseases2024
Substance use disorder of equimolar oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture in French sickle-cell patients: results of the PHEDRE study.
Observational study in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02580565 (PHEDRE Trial Protocol - Observational Study of the Prevalence of Problematic Use of Equimolar Mixture of Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PHEDRE Trial Protocol - Observational Study of the Prevalence of Problematic Use of Equimolar Mixture of Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide (EMONO) and Analgesics in the French Sickle-cell Disease Population
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral administration of a liquid containing nitrous oxide abolishes vaso-occlusive pain in mice with sickle cell disease.Haematologica · 2025Article
- A breath of relief: nitrous oxide in sickle cell disease.Haematologica · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 15 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn many countries, nitrous oxide is used in a gas mixture (EMONO) for short-term analgesia. Cases of addiction, with significant misuse, have been reported in hospitalized patients. Patients suffering from sickle cell disease (SCD) could represent a high-risk population for substance use disorder (SUD) due to their significant pain crisis and repeated use of EMONO. The objective of the PHEDRE study was to assess the prevalence of SUD for EMONO in French SCD patients.
resultsA total of 993 patients were included. Among 339 EMONO consumers, only 38 (11%) had a SUD, with very few criteria, corresponding mainly to a mild SUD due to a use higher than expected (in quantity or duration) and relational tensions with the care teams. Almost all patients (99.7%) were looking for an analgesic effect, but 68% of patients were also looking for other effects. The independent risks factors associated with at least one SUD criterion were: the feeling of effects different from the expected therapeutic effects of EMONO, at least one hospitalization for vaso occlusive crisis in the past 12 months and the presence of a SUD for at least one other analgesic drug.
conclusionsThe use of EMONO was not problematic for the majority of patients. Manifestations of SUD that led to tensions with healthcare teams should alert and lead to an evaluation, to distinguish a true addiction from a pseudoaddiction which may be linked to an insufficient analgesic treatment related to an underestimation of pain in SCD patients.
trial registrationClinical Trials, NCT02580565. Registered 16 October 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.