Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38499888›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2024

Hyposmia correlates with axial signs and gait disorder in Parkinson's disease: an Italian Olfactory Identification Test study.

Nicola Tambasco, Alessandro Mechelli, Pasquale Nigro, Simone Simoni, Federico Paolini Paoletti, Paolo Eusebi, Elona Brahimi, Carlo Maremmani, Lucilla Parnetti

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicola TambascoMovement Disorders Center, Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. n.tambasco@libero.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-4482
Alessandro MechelliNeurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-6295
Pasquale NigroMovement Disorders Center, Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-0095
Simone SimoniMovement Disorders Center, Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-660X
Federico Paolini PaolettiNeurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-1900
Paolo EusebiNeurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-6396
Elona BrahimiNeurology Department, Regina Montis Regalis Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
Carlo MaremmaniNeurology Unit, Ospedale Apuane, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-2358
Lucilla ParnettiNeurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-3967
University of Perugia · ITAzienda Usl Toscana Centro · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOlfactory dysfunction is a non-motor symptom and an important biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of its high prevalence (> 90%). Whether hyposmia correlates with motor symptoms is unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship between olfactory impairment with both motor and non-motor features and disease variables (disease duration, stage, and severity).

methodsOne-hundred fifty-four PD patients were evaluated. Odor identification ability was tested using Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT). A comprehensive spectrum of motor and non-motor features was assessed. Cognitive function was investigated through MMSE. Patients were divided into 3 different clinical phenotypes using UPDRS-III: tremor-dominant type (TDT), akinetic-rigid type (ART), and mixed type (MXT).

resultsThree of the 33 IOIT items were most frequently misidentified: basil (74.3%), coffee (66.9%), and mushroom (59.6%). Hyposmia was found in 93%. Hyposmic patients were older than controls (p = 0.01). Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) score of 2 or greater was associated with higher probability of being hyposmic (OR = 5.2, p = 0.01). IOIT score did not significantly differ between TDT, ART, and MXT of analyzed PD patients. Performance to IOIT inversely correlated with age (p < 0.01), disease duration (p = 0.01), and H&Y score of 2 or higher (p < 0.01). Clinical features that associated with higher IOIT score were freezing of gait (FOG) (p < 0.001) and camptocormia (p < 0.05).

conclusionsIn our cohort, IOIT scores showed a positive correlation with axial motor signs, but not with non-motor symptoms. IOIT may be a useful tool not only for supporting PD diagnosis but also for providing prognostic information about motor function.

Indexed as

Gait Disorders, NeurologicParkinson DiseaseAgedAnosmiaFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedOlfaction DisordersSeverity of Illness IndexHyposmiaIOITMotor signOlfactionParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID38499888
OpenAlexW4393095214

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.