SynthesisEndocrine2024
Epidemiology of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Endocrine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth hormone deficiency: craniofacial characteristics and changes after growth hormone therapy - a systematic review.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- Once-weekly somapacitan vs. daily norditropin in GHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety in children and adults.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison between long-acting pegylated and daily recombinant human growth hormone for pediatric growth hormone deficiency a systematic review.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota profiles in Korean children with growth hormone deficiency: a case-control study.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging findings of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in children with growth hormone deficiency: a 25-year single-center retrospective study.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and 1-year growth response in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Growth hormone retesting for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency during and after puberty: a systematic review.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Somapacitan versus Daily Growth Hormone in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Pooled Analysis of Randomised Trial Data.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Article
- Metabolic and bone effects of long-acting polyethylene glycol-recombinant human growth hormone in growth hormone deficiency during the transition period: a prospective study.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Value of Peak-to-Basal Difference or Ratio of Growth Hormone in Children with Growth Hormone DeficiencyJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Circulating Exosomal MicroRNA Profiles Associated with Heavy Metal Exposure and Short Stature in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The relationship between pituitary size and the response to recombinant human growth hormone therapy in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Once-weekly Somatrogon in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency After Switching from Daily TherapyEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Effect on bone mineralization of continued growth hormone therapy at the transition between childhood and adulthood.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of the bone age of wrist bones in Chinese children with different causes of short stature and central precocious puberty.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Nutritional Counseling in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency Treated with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone: Analysis of Growth Response Parameters.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- First 100 patients receiving long-acting growth hormone therapy: real-world evaluation from INSIGHTS-GHT registry.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- A Growth Prediction Model from Mid-Puberty to Near Adult Height in Adolescents with Idiopathic Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Treated with Growth Hormone.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGrowth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the most common pituitary hormone deficiency and is one of the main causes of short stature in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric GHD worldwide, since no other systematic review has been published so far.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to July 2023 to find epidemiological studies involving children with GHD. Two review authors independently screened articles, extracted data and performed the quality assessment.
resultsWe selected 9 epidemiological studies published from 1974 to 2022. The range of prevalence was 1/1107-1/8,646. A study based on a registry of GH users in the Piedmont region (Italy) reported the highest mean prevalence. In the included studies, the mean incidence ranged from 1/28,800 to 1/46,700 cases per year. One study reported a 20-year cumulative incidence of 127/100,000 for boys and 93/100,000 for girls. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of population (age and GHD etiology) and diagnostic criteria. As for the methodological quality of included studies, all but one study satisfied the majority of the checklist items.
conclusionsThe included studies are mostly European, so the provided estimates cannot be considered global. International multicentre studies are needed to compare epidemiological estimates of GHD among different ethnical groups. Considering the considerable cost of human recombinant GH, the only available therapy to treat GHD, understanding accurate epidemiological estimates of GHD in each country is fundamental for resource allocation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.