ReviewNeuroscience of consciousness2021
Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence.
Review in Neuroscience of consciousness, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-order brain interactions in ketamine during rest and task: a double-blinded cross-over design using portable EEG on male participants.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Dynamic Electrocortical States and Paradoxical Complexity during Desflurane Anesthesia.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Reframing "paradoxical" excitation: disentangling electroencephalogram complexity and entropy reveals resting-state dynamics associated with propofol susceptibility in healthy adults.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Thermodynamics of consciousness: Non-equilibrium brain dynamics track conscious states.Cell reports · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between the Functional Integration and Topological Complexity of Human Electroencephalographic (EEG) Signals: Three Moderating Factors.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- A three-component dynamical index of consciousness-related neural organisation.Biological cybernetics · 2026Article
- Review
- Anesthetic State-Dependent Bidirectional Control of States of Consciousness via Heterogeneous Medial Septum to Ventral Tegmental Area Circuits under Sevoflurane in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Convergent transcriptomic and connectomic controllers of information integration and its anaesthetic breakdown across mammalian brains.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- EEG Brain Rhythms During Resting-State Wakefulness and Sleep in Elderly Expert Meditators.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Characteristics of electroencephalographic changes induced by different hypnotics in elderly patients: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Review
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Temporal signatures of thought-neurodynamics distinguish on- and off-task thoughts.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological effects of psilocybin co-administered with midazolam.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multidimensional EEG mechanisms and explainable prediction of responsiveness to posterior parietal HD-tDCS in chronic disorders of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Decoding the Self: Single-Trial Prediction of Self-Boundary Meditation States From Magnetoencephalography Recordings.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- THOI: An efficient and accessible library for computing higher-order interactions enhanced by batch-processing.PloS one · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal brain complexity quantifies consciousness outside of perturbation paradigms.eLife · 2025Article
- Dynamic electrocortical states and paradoxical complexity during desflurane anesthesia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last years, a surge of empirical studies converged on complexity-related measures as reliable markers of consciousness across many different conditions, such as sleep, anesthesia, hallucinatory states, coma, and related disorders. Most of these measures were independently proposed by researchers endorsing disparate frameworks and employing different methods and techniques. Since this body of evidence has not been systematically reviewed and coherently organized so far, this positive trend has remained somewhat below the radar. The aim of this paper is to make this consilience of evidence in the science of consciousness explicit. We start with a systematic assessment of the growing literature on complexity-related measures and identify their common denominator, tracing it back to core theoretical principles and predictions put forward more than 20 years ago. In doing this, we highlight a consistent trajectory spanning two decades of consciousness research and provide a provisional taxonomy of the present literature. Finally, we consider all of the above as a positive ground to approach new questions and devise future experiments that may help consolidate and further develop a promising field where empirical research on consciousness appears to have, so far, naturally converged.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.