ArticleNeurology. Genetics2024
Ectopic HCN4 Provides a Target Biomarker for the Genetic Spectrum of mTORopathies.
Article in Neurology. Genetics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE): genetics, mechanisms and precision therapy.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Review
- Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and epilepsy: genetics, circuits, and treatments.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pathogenic variants in PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and GATOR1 complex genes resulting in hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 are a major cause of drug-resistant epilepsy and focal cortical malformations (FCM). Resective neurosurgery is often required to achieve seizure control in patients with mTORopathies due to lack of effectiveness of nonsurgical therapies, including antiseizure medication and mTOR inhibitors. Elevated hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel isoform 4 (HCN4) has been proposed as a key marker in some mTOR-related brain malformations. This study aimed to investigate HCN4 as a biomarker in the brain across the genetic spectrum of mTORopathies in humans. Methods: Our study investigated the relative steady-state levels and cellular localization of HCN4 in resected human brain tissue from 18 individuals with mTORopathies (3 individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) due to Results: Elevated HCN4 was observed to be highly restricted to abnormal cell types (dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells) in brain tissue from all mTORopathy tissues ( Discussion: HCN4 provides a biomarker for the genetic spectrum of mTORopathies and may present a potential therapeutic target for seizure control in mTOR-related epilepsy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.